台风过后通常会在上层海洋引起冷迹, 即路径附近的海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)降低。本文利用多种卫星数据分析了12年(1998—2009)内经过中国南海的92个台风所引起的海表降温位置的分布特征。通过分析逐日微波遥感SST数据发现, 64个台风(69.6%)引起了明显降温(降温≥2℃)。其中, 43个台风(46.7%)引起的最大降温位于台风路径右侧; 13个台风(14.1%)引起的降温出现在路径附近; 同时还有8个台风(8.7%)引起的最大降温明显位于路径左侧。台风引起的最大降温出现的位置主要集中在路径左右两侧100km范围内。统计分析表明台风之前存在于上层海洋环境的冷涡, 特别是强冷涡, 在台风引起的海表面降温和位置分布中可能起着重要的作用。

Typhoons can induce cooling wakes at the ocean surface, causing low sea surface temperature (SST) along their tracks. In this study, multi-satellite data are used to investigate the location of the cooling wake induced by 92 typhoons passing through the South China Sea (SCS) from 1998 to 2009. Analysis of the sequential merged microwave SST data revealed that, 64 typhoons (69.6%) induced SST cooling of more than 2℃, 43 typhoons (46.7%) generated SST cooling on the right-hand side of the track, 8 typhoons (8.7%) induced SST cooling on the left-hand side of their tracks, and 13 typhoons (14.1%) induced cooling wakes behind their tracks. Cooling wakes induced by typhoons mainly located within 100km along the side of typhoon tracks. It is showed that cold core eddies, particularly strong cold eddies, existed in the pre-typhoon oceanic environment, may play a significant role in setting the strength and location of SST cooling induced by typhoons.

国家自然科学基金(40976091, 31061160190); 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-226); 广东省自然科学基金
(8351030101000002); 中国科学院、国家外国专家局创新团队国际合作伙伴计划(KZCX2-YW-T001)

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