Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Diversity of cultured bacteria isolated from three coral reef sediments in South China Sea
Received date: 2021-04-15
Revised date: 2021-05-12
Online published: 2021-05-12
Supported by
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19060301)
Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0402)
Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2019BT02Y262)
There are a large number of uncultured microbial resources in coral reef environments. Microbial diversity research will help us understand their ecological functions, and also help develop and utilize microbial resources. In this study, a total of 349 pure bacterial strains were obtained by selective isolation media with multiple oligotrophic components, from three samples collected from three coral reef islands in the South China Sea. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we found the cultivable bacteria belong to four phyla of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; and they spread into six class, 26 orders, 43 families, 73 genera, and 134 species. There are 18 potential new taxa with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities less than 97%. The dominant group is Actinobacteria, which accounts for 60% of all isolates. In this study, the improved and optimized oligotrophic media were used, which showed better isolation results including the composition of the microbial community and rare or new taxa in every sample. The results showed that the cultivable microbial resources are rich and diverse in coral reef island environments of the South China Sea, and the microbial community has comprehensive functions for material and energy metabolism; and the proportion is higher to obtain potential new taxa. This research has laid a good foundation for the methods to mine microbial resources in coral reef islands; it also accumulated abundant and rare microbial resources for the deep development and application in the future.
LI Cun , CUI Linqing , YANG Hongqiang , LONG Lijuan , TIAN Xinpeng . Diversity of cultured bacteria isolated from three coral reef sediments in South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022 , 41(2) : 149 -158 . DOI: 10.11978/2021050
表1 不同培养基的类型及其成分Tab 1 Components of selective isolation media used in this study |
培养基名称 | 培养基成分/(g·L-1) |
---|---|
5% 2216 | 蛋白胨5.0, 酵母浸粉1.0, 柠檬酸铁0.1, NaCl 19.45, MgCl2 5.98, Na2SO4 3.24, CaCl2 1.8, KCl 0.55, Na2CO3 0.16, KBr 0.08, SrCl2 0.034, H3BO3 0.022, Na2O·SiO2 0.004, NaF 0.0024, NH4NO3 0.0016, Na2HPO4 0.008, 稀释20倍, 琼脂15. 0 |
5% AIA | 酪蛋白酸钠2.0, 天冬酰胺0.1, 丙酸钠4.0, K3PO4 0.5, MgSO4 0.1, FeSO4 0.001, 沸水浴1min后加入甘油5.0, 稀释20倍, 琼脂15. 0 |
5% R2A | 胰蛋白胨0.25, 酸水解酪蛋白0.5, 酵母浸粉0.5, 可溶性淀粉0.5, K2HPO4 0.3, MgSO4 0.1, 丙酮酸钠0.3, 蛋白胨0.25, 葡萄糖0.5, 稀释20倍, 琼脂15. 0 |
SN | NaNO3 0.75, K2HPO4 0.0159, EDTA二钠0.0056, Na2CO3 0.0104, VitaminB12 0.001(过滤除菌), 1×10-6微量盐(乙酸6.25, 柠檬酸铁铵6.0, MnCl2·4H2O 1.4, Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.39, Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.025, ZnSO3·7H2O 0.222, 单独灭菌), 琼脂15. 0 |
10%菌液琼脂 | 离心收集菌株Gaiella occulta F2-233T的发酵液100mL, 过滤除菌, 加入900mL纯水, 琼脂15. 0 |
图1 分离获得的纯培养细菌在各分类等级中的分布情况a. 在不同门级、纲级、目级水平下细菌类群比例; b. 在不同属水平下细菌类群比例(标注了菌株中丰度前25的属) Fig. 1 Distribution of isolated pure culture strains in each classification grade. (a) Proportion of pure culture strains at different phylum, class and order levels, and (b) proportion of pure culture strains in the top 25 genera |
表2 3份珊瑚砂样品中细菌群落多样性指数Tab. 2 Diversity index of pure cultured strains isolated from three coral reef samples |
样品名称 | Shannon指数 | Simpson指数 | Invsimpson指数 | Chao1指数 | ACE指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y11 | 2.39 | 0.85 | 6.78 | 53.00 | 42.54 |
BK-S | 3.83 | 0.95 | 20.40 | 182.67 | 259.60 |
BS2-S | 3.81 | 0.97 | 30.07 | 169.11 | 176.52 |
表3 潜在新菌种去重复信息表Tab. 3 Potential new taxa information after removing the duplication |
菌种编号 | 合并菌株数 | 最相似菌种 | 16S RNA序列相似性 | 新分类单元 |
---|---|---|---|---|
SCSIO 63424 | 1 | Arboricoccus pini | 89.88 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63409 | 3 | Inquilinus limosus | 92.80 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63602 | 1 | Nocardioides mesophilus | 93.64 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63346 | 1 | Brevibacterium ammoniilyticum | 94.61 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63385 | 1 | Gordonia terrae | 94.74 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63263 | 3 | Brevibacterium casei | 95.07 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63650 | 1 | Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum | 95.66 | 潜在新属 |
SCSIO 63659 | 6 | Nocardioides iriomotensis | 96.00 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63265 | 2 | Haoranjiania flava | 96.19 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63649 | 1 | Prauserella aidingensis | 96.34 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63671 | 1 | Mesorhizobium oceanicum | 96.45 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63658 | 1 | Prauserella rugosa | 96.56 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63505 | 1 | Cohnella cellulosilytica | 96.58 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63329 | 1 | Bacillus dafuensis | 96.71 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63500 | 1 | Microbacterium oxydans | 96.72 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63633 | 1 | Maricaulis virginensis | 96.77 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 68054 | 1 | Oceanobacillus iheyensis | 97.01 | 潜在新种 |
SCSIO 63591 | 1 | Sphingomonas aestuarii | 97.02 | 潜在新种 |
图5 不同培养基分离得到的潜在新种的系统发育树Fig. 5 Phylogenetic tree of potential new taxa obtained from different media |
图6 不同潜在新种在2216E培养基上培养14天后的菌落平板a. SCSIO 63409 (Inquilinus limosus); b. SCSIO 63263 (Brevibacterium casei); c. SCSIO 63671 (Mesorhizobium oceanicum); d. SCSIO 63659 (Nocardioides iriomotensis); e. SCSIO 63385 (Gordonia terrae); f. SCSIO 63505 (Cohnella cellulosilytica); g. SCSIO 63658 (Prauserella rugose); h. SCSIO 68054 (Oceanobacillus iheyensis) Fig. 6 Pure culture morphology of potential new taxa on 2216E medium after incubation for 14 days. (a) SCSIO 63409 (Inquilinus limosus); (b) SCSIO 63263 (Brevibacterium casei); (c) SCSIO 63671 (Mesorhizobium oceanicum); (d) SCSIO 63659 (Nocardioides iriomotensis); (e) SCSIO 63385 (Gordonia terrae); (f) SCSIO 63505 (Cohnella cellulosilytica); (g) SCSIO 63658 (Prauserella rugose); (h) SCSIO 68054 (Oceanobacillus iheyensis) |
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