1980—2020年大湾区海岸线变迁及影响因素分析

doi:10.11978/2021116

热带海洋学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 116-125.doi: 10.11978/2021116CSTR: 32234.14.2021116

1980—2020年大湾区海岸线变迁及影响因素分析

苏倩欣^1,²(), 李婧², 李志强¹(), 王爱军^3,⁴, 李高聪¹

1.广东海洋大学电子与信息工程学院海洋技术系, 广东湛江 524088
2.广东财经大学地理与旅游学院自然地理系, 广东广州 510320
3.自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋与海岸地质实验室, 福建厦门 361005
4.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519082

收稿日期:2021-08-31 修回日期:2021-12-24 出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2021-12-31
通讯作者: 李志强
作者简介:苏倩欣(1997—), 女, 广东省佛山市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海岸资源与环境研究。email: qianxinsu77@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42176167);国家自然科学基金项目(41776099);广东海洋大学创新强校工程项目(Q18307);广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302112010)

Analyzing the coastline changes and its influencing factors in the Greater Bay Area from 1980 to 2020

SU Qianxin^1,²(), LI Jing², LI Zhiqiang¹(), WANG Aijun^3,⁴, LI Gaocong¹

1. Department of Ocean Technology, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2. Department of Geography, School of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
3. Laboratory for Coast & Ocean Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

Received:2021-08-31 Revised:2021-12-24 Online:2022-07-10 Published:2021-12-31
Contact: LI Zhiqiang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176167);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776099);Innovation Fund of Guangdong Ocean University, China(Q18307);Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University(060302112010)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海岸线动态变化是全球变化和人类活动共同的反映。本文基于粤港澳大湾区、东京湾和旧金山湾1980—2020年7期Landsat系列遥感影像及Google Earth高分辨率影像, 利用阈值分割, 结合水体指数法、Sobel算子法, 提取各期海岸线。从长度、空间形态、结构和利用程度等多角度分析其岸线变化, 并结合地理探测器对其影响因素进行定性和定量分析。结果显示: 1) 1980—2020年间, 各湾区岸线趋于平直, 其中东京湾海岸线的年均长度变化强度最大, 为0.37%; 2) 40a间各湾区岸线的纵深变化比较稳定, 结构趋于复杂, 形态趋于分散, 其中粤港澳大湾区海岸线的分维差异最小, 形态最分散; 3) 40a间, 各湾区的自然岸线减少, 港口码头岸线和其他人工岸线长度剧烈增长, 其中粤港澳大湾区的生物岸线波动增长, 岸线利用程度指数增幅最大。本文研究结果表明, 气温、波高、潮汐和陆域面积、港口吞吐量是湾区海岸线变化的主要影响因素, 且任意两个影响因素的交互作用大于单一因素的作用。

关键词: 湾区, 海岸线, 岸线类型, 长度变化指数, 利用程度指数

Abstract:

Coastline dynamic change is a common reflection of global change and human activities. Based on seven Landsat remote sensing images and Google Earth high-resolution images of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Tokyo Bay and San Francisco Bay from 1980 to 2020, this paper used threshold segmentation combined with water index method and Sobel operator method to extract the coastline of each analysis period. In addition, this study also analyzed the changes of coastline in terms of length, spatial morphology, structure and utilization degree, and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the influencing factors with the help of geographic detectors. The results show that: (1) from 1980 to 2020, the intensity of annual average length change in the Tokyo Bay is the largest, which is 0.37%, and the coastline tends to be straight; (2) in the past 40 years, the depth of coastlines in all analyzed bay areas has remained stable, and the structures tend to be complex and the morphology tends to be dispersed. Among them, the difference of fractal dimension of coastlines in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is the smallest and the morphology is the most dispersed; (3) during the past 40 years, the natural coastline of each bay area decreased, while the length of port wharf coastline and other artificial coastline increased significantly, and the biological coastline of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area fluctuated, and the coastline utilization index increased the most. The results show that temperature, wave height, tide, area and port throughput are the main factors that affect the coastline change, the interaction of any two factors is greater than the single factor.

Key words: bay area, coastline, coastline type, index of coastline length change, utilization index

中图分类号:

P737.1

苏倩欣, 李婧, 李志强, 王爱军, 李高聪. 1980—2020年大湾区海岸线变迁及影响因素分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(4): 116-125.

SU Qianxin, LI Jing, LI Zhiqiang, WANG Aijun, LI Gaocong. Analyzing the coastline changes and its influencing factors in the Greater Bay Area from 1980 to 2020[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(4): 116-125.

图/表 11

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参考文献 21

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湾区	粤港澳大湾区	东京湾	旧金山湾
经度范围	111°21'—115°24'E	138°24'—140°30'E	121°24'—123°5'W
纬度范围	21°34'—24°23'N	34°30'—36°12'N	36°30'—38°30'N
所属国家	中国	日本	美国
地域组成	珠江三角洲9个城市(广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、中山、东莞、惠州、江门、肇庆)、香港和澳门	东京都、埼玉县、神奈川县和千叶县	分为旧金山、北湾、东湾、南湾和半岛5大区域, 旧金山、马林等9个县
潮汐特征	最大潮差<3m	最大潮差<2m	最大潮差<3m
水文特征	大河河口区域, 有西江、北江和东江流入, 总径流量大, 海水动力较弱	鹤见川、江户川等河流汇入, 袋状结构海湾, 水深浪小	平均水深6m, 位于混合型、潮汐振荡泻湖型河口汇合处, 环流强烈

内容	数据集描述
研究区		粤港澳大湾区、东京湾区、旧金山湾区
时间		1980年、1990年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年
数据来源		Landsat、Google Earth影像, 云覆盖量小于5%, 成像时间集中于10月至翌年3月
数据分辨率		<10m
岸线提取方法		修复归一化水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI)、灰度阈值法、数学形态法和Sobel算子法。对提取的岸线, 利用Google Earth进行目视解译修正
岸线类型		基岩岸线、淤泥质岸线、砂砾质岸线、生物岸线、农田养殖岸线、港口码头岸线和其他人工岸线

年份	粤港澳大湾区			东京湾			旧金山湾
年份	L/km	K_i/%	E	L/km	K_i/%	E	L/km	K_i/%	E
1980	2090.36	0.03	0.22	507.22	0.06	1.75	658.43	0.23	0.94
1990	2096.76	0.03	0.22	510.07	0.06	1.75	673.45	0.23	0.94
1990	2096.76	0.08	0.21	510.07	0.49	0.15	673.45	0.13	1.32
2000	2113.49	0.08	0.21	534.82	0.49	0.15	682.33	0.13	1.32
2000	2113.49	0.36	0.06	534.82	0.24	1.40	682.33	-0.06	0.47
2005	2151.49	0.36	0.06	541.13	0.24	1.40	680.38	-0.06	0.47
2005	2151.49	0.32	0.08	541.13	0.84	0.54	680.38	0.25	0.39
2010	2185.41	0.32	0.08	563.99	0.84	0.54	688.76	0.25	0.39
2010	2185.41	0.35	0.21	563.99	0.84	0.75	688.76	0.12	2.99
2015	2223.51	0.35	0.21	587.75	0.84	0.75	692.84	0.12	2.99
2015	2223.51	0.18	0.38	587.75	-0.24	9.94	692.84	-0.11	3.75
2020	2243.17	0.18	0.38	580.68	-0.24	9.94	689.11	-0.11	3.75
平均	3.83	0.22	0.20	1.84	0.37	2.42	0.77	0.09	1.64

年份	粤港澳大湾区			东京湾			旧金山湾
年份	D	R²	c	D	R²	c	D	R²	c
1980	1.0904	0.9997	0.1549	1.1257	0.9989	0.3422	1.1005	0.9999	0.3228
1990	1.0912	0.9997	0.1545	1.1245	0.9990	0.3403	1.1042	0.9999	0.3156
2000	1.0940	0.9997	0.1535	1.1295	0.9991	0.3248	1.1058	1	0.3115
2005	1.0982	0.9997	0.1517	1.1302	0.9991	0.3211	1.1038	1	0.3121
2010	1.1010	0.9997	0.1509	1.1379	0.9989	0.3082	1.1057	1	0.3085
2015	1.1061	0.9997	0.1486	1.1404	0.9990	0.2959	1.1052	1	0.3067
2020	1.0911	0.9969	0.1475	1.1327	0.9983	0.2995	1.1045	1	0.3083

因变量	自变量	代码	分级
自然岸线长度	平均气温	X₁	3
	潮差	X₂	3
	波高	X₃	3
	年径流量	X₄	3
	年输沙量	X₅	3
岸线利用程度指数	面积	X₆	3
	GDP	X₇	5
	人口	X₈	5
	港口吞吐量	X₉	3
	第三产业比重	X₁₀	4

1980—2020年大湾区海岸线变迁及影响因素分析

Analyzing the coastline changes and its influencing factors in the Greater Bay Area from 1980 to 2020

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自然因素						社会经济因素
	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅		X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
X₁	0.9942					X₆	0.9828
X₂	0.9945	0.9942				X₇	0.9985	0.4716
X₃	0.9945	0.9945	0.9942			X₈	0.9969	0.9986	0.5517
X₄	0.9954	0.9954	0.9954	0.5276		X₉	0.9920	0.9823	0.9969	0.8102
X₅	0.9975	0.9975	0.9975	0.7807	0.3870	X₁₀	0.9963	0.6370	0.9985	0.8679	0.2096
p	0	0	0	0.0091	0.0407	p	0	0.2230	0.0371	0	0.7153