海下地质储氢技术研究进展及挑战*

doi:10.11978/2024115

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 1-17.doi: 10.11978/2024115CSTR: 32234.14.2024115

• 综述 • 下一篇

海下地质储氢技术研究进展及挑战^*

关慧心¹(), 赵明辉¹^,²(), 黄瑞芳¹, 许鹤华¹

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-05-31 修回日期:2024-08-01 出版日期:2025-03-10 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者: 赵明辉
作者简介:
关慧心(1990—), 女, 辽宁省沈阳市人, 副研究员, 博士, 主要研究方向为海洋地质学。email: huixinguan@scsio.ac.cn.
*本文中部分图件的制作使用了制图软件CorelDRAW (https://www.coreldraw.com/), 感谢相关软件的创作者。
基金资助:
广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(2023A04J0182)

Research progress and challenges of offshore geological hydrogen storage technology^*

GUAN Huixin¹(), ZHAO Minghui¹^,²(), HUANG Ruifang¹, XU Hehua¹

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 511458, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-05-31 Revised:2024-08-01 Online:2025-03-10 Published:2025-04-11
Contact: ZHAO Minghui
Supported by:
Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(2023A04J0182)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球对清洁能源需求的增长, 氢能作为重要的可再生能源储备, 其储存技术受到广泛关注。陆上储氢系统存在氢气泄漏、污染饮用水和灾变伤人等风险。而海下岩层地质环境相对稳定, 密闭性好, 海下离岸储氢技术受到广泛关注与快速发展。目前主要的地下储气技术包括盐穴、含水层和枯竭油气藏储气库3种, 其中盐穴储气库在欧美多国已经运行多年, 技术基础较为成熟, 然而我国滨海并无适合建设盐穴的地层, 盐穴储氢库只能在内陆建设。我国滨海地下含水层和油气藏较为丰富, 亟须及时开展海下储氢的相关地质研究, 推动不同海域相关技术的发展和应用, 以及氢能产业的全面发展。发展海下储氢技术不仅在选址过程中需要运用最新的地球物理方法, 结合氢气特殊的物理化学特性, 详细评估海下特殊的地质条件, 同时要综合考虑地质、水文、生物化学和矿物学等因素, 以确保合理规划和安全运行。

关键词: 储氢, 海下, 盐穴, 含水层, 油气藏

Abstract:

With the growing global demand for clean energy, hydrogen energy, as an important renewable energy reserve, has garnered widespread attention for its storage technology. Onshore hydrogen storage systems pose risks such as hydrogen leakage, drinking water contamination, and catastrophic injuries. In contrast, offshore geological environments are relatively stable and well-sealed, leading to widespread attention to and rapid development of offshore hydrogen storage technology. Currently, the main underground gas storage technologies include salt caverns, aquifers, and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Salt cavern gas storage has been operating for many years in Europe and the USA and has a relatively mature technical foundation. However, there are no suitable locations for constructing salt caverns along China’s coast, which limits the build-up of salt cavern hydrogen storage to inland regions. However, China’s coastal areas have abundant underground aquifers and oil and gas reservoirs, necessitating timely related geological research to promote the development and application of relevant technologies in different marine areas and the comprehensive development of the hydrogen energy industry. Developing offshore hydrogen storage technology requires not only integrating the unique geological conditions of the margin with the special physical and chemical properties of hydrogen, but also considering geological, hydrological, biochemical, and mineralogical factors to ensure a rational planning and safe operation, in addition to using the latest geophysical methods in site selection. Looking ahead, offshore hydrogen storage technology will not only provide theoretical support for the development of renewable energy technologies in China but also play a significant role in promoting a low-carbon, green, and sustainable development.

Key words: hydrogen storage, offshore, salt cavern, aquifer, oil and gas reservoir

中图分类号:

P744.41

关慧心, 赵明辉, 黄瑞芳, 许鹤华. 海下地质储氢技术研究进展及挑战^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(2): 1-17.

GUAN Huixin, ZHAO Minghui, HUANG Ruifang, XU Hehua. Research progress and challenges of offshore geological hydrogen storage technology^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(2): 1-17.

图/表 13

表 1

图1

表2

全球部分国家地下储氢项目"

项目名称	所属国家	牵头组织机构	研究目的	研究周期
Plan-DelyKaD	德国	德国航空航天中心	深入比较相关的电解技术, 确定和选择德国最相关的盐穴地点的标准, 研究将存储的氢应用于不同终端用户的商业案例潜力, 并致力于确定大规模存储的氢在德国能源系统中的未来作用。	2012—2014年
InSpEE	德国	KBB地下技术有限公司	盐穴设计原则与基础地质/岩土数据、盐穴的选址标准的开发和部署, 以及德国北部盆地盐构造的可再生能源储存潜力的评估。	2015年结束
H₂ research cavern	德国	HYPOS联盟(hydrogen power storage & solutions east Germany)	开发并正式批准一个盐穴储氢研究平台。	2019年5月— 2021年6月
HyCAVmobil	德国	德国氢和燃料电池技术组织	测试氢是否可以储存在盐穴中, 然后用于燃料电池车。	2019年6月— 2022年5月
STOPIL H₂	法国	Storengy	在法国真正的盐洞中进行氢储存的工业试验。	2019—2020年
HyPSTER	法国	Storengy	利用盐穴储存电解氢并与工业和出行用途相连接。测试该技术在欧洲其他地区的技术和经济可复制性。	2021—2023年
HyStock	荷兰	Gasunie	研究和测试荷兰北部盐穴大规模储存绿氢。	2020至今
RP1.10-08	澳大利亚	Future fuels cooperative research centre	研究和测试澳大利亚大规模地下储存氢气的可行性, 评估预期需求。	2021—2024年
HyStorPor	英国	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council	评估氢气储存在英国地下储层(包括滨海地下盐穴)岩石中的可行性。	2023年结束
HyUsPRe	英国	Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	评估欧洲的多孔储层中实施大规模储存氢气的可行性和潜力。	2021—2023年
Underground Sun Storage	奥地利	Rohöl-Aufsuchungs Aktiengesellschaft Austria AG Company	将可再生能源以氢气形式安全、季节性、大规模储存在地下枯竭油气田中的技术。	2017—2030年
Hychico	阿根廷	Capex Company	是一个结合了风电场、氢气生产和地下储存的项目。在地下油气藏中储存90%的甲烷和10%的氢气。	2010—2018年
RWE-Lobodice/Haje	捷克	Gas Storage Českárepublika	在地下含水层中储存一种含50%氢气和25%甲烷的混合气体, 供应所在城市的煤气需求。	1962年至今
Beynes	法国	Gaz de France	通过地下盐水层储存含有50%~60%的氢气。经过一年储存后提取的气体中含有微量的镍和铁羰基化合物, 1973年被改为天然气储存场所。	1956—1972年
Ketzin	德国	GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Ketzin partners	通过地下含水层储存氢气、甲烷和二氧化碳。其中氢气含量为62%。	2008—2013年
FRS(170)/2022-2023/PE	印度	印度理工学院	评估印度滨海地层中实施大规模储存氢气的可行性。	2022—2023年

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 79

[1]	崔传智, 任侃, 吴忠维, 等, 2022. 地下含水层储存氢气的可行性分析[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 51(5): 41-50.
	CUI CHUANZHI, REN KAN, WU ZHONGWEI, et al, 2022. Feasibility analysis of hydrogen storage in underground aquifers[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 51(5): 41-50 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	付盼, 罗淼, 夏焱, 等, 2020. 氢气地下存储技术现状及难点研究[J]. 中国井矿盐, 51(6): 19-23.
	FU PAN, LUO MIAO, XIA YAN, et al, 2020. Research on status and difficulties of hydrogen underground storage technology[J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 51(6): 19-23 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	韩欢欢, 王梦哲, 王雪泽, 等, 2023. 新型储氢技术研究进展[J]. 化纤与纺织技术, 52(3): 53-55 (in Chinese).
[4]	何奇, 冯永存, 邓金根, 等, 2022. 国内盐穴储气库空间利用技术及展望[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 44(6): 711-718.
	HE QI, FENG YONGCUN, DENG JIN’GEN, et al, 2022. Review and outlook of space utilization technology for salt-cavern gas storage in China[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 44(6): 711-718 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	胡超, 付星辉, 何卉, 等, 2023. 浅谈我国地下盐腔储氢发展可能[J]. 中国井矿盐, 54(2): 20-23.
	HU CHAO, FU XINGHUI, HE HUI, et al, 2023. Discussion on the development possibility of hydrogen storage in underground salt cavity[J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 54(2): 20-23 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	刘继宝,2023-06-19(08). 地质储氢推动氢能产业高质量发展[N]. 中国石化报 (in Chinese).
[7]	李小春, 张九天, 李琦, 等, 2018. 中国碳捕集、利用与封存技术路线图(2011版)实施情况评估分析[J]. 科技导报, 36(4): 85-95. doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.04.013
	LI XIAOCHUN, ZHANG JIUTIAN, LI QI, et al, 2018. Implementation status and gap analysis of China’s carbon dioxide capture, utilization and geological storage technology roadmap (2011 edition)[J]. Science & Technology Review, 36(4): 85-95 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	刘冰冰, 冯进千, 武志德, 等, 2023. 盐穴地下储氢库稳定性研究[J]. 盐科学与化工, 52(7): 8-12, 17.
	LIU BINGBING, FENG JINQIAN, WU ZHIDE, et al, 2023. Study on stability of underground hydrogen storage in salt cavern[J]. Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry, 52(7): 8-12, 17 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	刘翠伟, 洪伟民, 王多才, 等, 2023. 地下储氢技术研究进展[J]. 油气储运, 42(8): 841-855.
	LIU CUIWEI, HONG WEIMIN, WANG DUOCAI, et al, 2023. Research progress of underground hydrogen storage technology[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 42(8): 841-855 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]	罗小明, 贾子寒, 张宏阳, 2023. 枯竭油气藏地下储氢技术挑战及展望[J]. 油气储运, 42(9): 1009-1023.
	LUO XIAOMING, JIA ZIHAN, ZHANG HONGYANG, 2023. Technical challenges and outlook of underground hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 42(9): 1009-1023 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]	马玉波, 吴时国, 张功成, 等, 2009. 南海北部陆缘深水区礁相碳酸盐岩的地球物理特征[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 33(4): 33-39.
	MA YUBO, WU SHIGUO, ZHANG GONGCHENG, et al, 2009. Geophysical characteristics of biohermal carbonate in the northern margin deep water area of South China Sea[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 33(4): 33-39 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]	完颜祺琪, 2015. 中国盐穴地下储气库建库地质条件评价及其对策研究[D]. 成都: 西南石油大学:173.
	WANYAN QIQI, 2015. Geological evaluation and countermeasure of the salt cavern of underground gas storage in China[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University:173 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]	王浩, 徐俊辉, 陆佳敏, 等, 2024. 大规模地质储氢工程现状及应用展望[J]. 中国地质, 52(1): 1-25.
	WANG HAO, XU JUNHUI, LU JIAMIN, et al, 2024. Current situation and application prospect of large-scale geological hydrogen storage engineering[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 1-25 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]	王建强, 梁杰, 陈建文, 等, 2021. 中国海域基岩油气藏特征及未来勘探方向[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 41(6): 151-162.
	WANG JIANQIANG, LIANG JIE, CHEN JIANWEN, et al, 2021. Characteristics of the recently bedrock hydrocarbon reservoir in China Seas and future exploration directions[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 41(6): 151-162 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]	王玉芳, 2023. 中国含水层储气库建设的发展前景[J]. 石油知识, (3): 38-39 (in Chinese).
[16]	王元刚, 薛雨, 李心凯, 2019. 盐穴储气库表征渗透率研究[J]. 重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版), 21(6): 78-81.
	WANG YUANGANG, XUE YU, LI XINKAI, 2019. Research on the characterization permeability of salt cavern gas storage[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Natural Sciences Edition), 21(6): 78-81 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]	卫平生, 刘全新, 张景廉, 等, 2006. 再论生物礁与大油气田的关系[J]. 石油学报, 27(2): 38-42. doi: 10.7623/syxb200602008
	WEI PINGSHENG, LIU QUANXIN, ZHANG JINGLIAN, et al, 2006. Re-discussion of relationship between reef and giant oil-gas fields[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 27(2): 38-42 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.7623/syxb200602008
[18]	杨春和, 王贵宾, 施锡林, 等, 2024. 中国大规模盐穴储氢需求与挑战[J]. 岩土力学, 45(1): 1-19.
	YANG CHUNHE, WANG GUIBIN, SHI XILIN, et al, 2024. Demands and challenges of large-scale salt cavern hydrogen storage in China[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 45(1): 1-19 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]	张苏宁,2023-01-29. 国内首座盐穴储气库采气量突破50亿立方米[EB/OL]. 中国常州网, https://www.changzhou.gov.cn/ns_news/616167495295537 (in Chinese).
[20]	张益炬, 2014. 枯竭油气藏型地下储气库方案优选及安全性评价方法研究[D]. 成都: 西南石油大学:115.
	ZHANG YIJU, 2014. Study on the optimal selection and safety evaluation method of underground gas storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University:115 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]	周庆凡, 张俊法, 2022. 地下储氢技术研究综述[J]. 油气与新能源, 34(4): 1-6.
	ZHOU QINGFAN, ZHANG JUNFA, 2022. Review of underground hydrogen storage technology[J]. Petroleum and Gas and New Energy, 34(4): 1-6 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]	周守为, 李清平, 2022. 构建自立自强的海洋能源资源绿色开发技术体系[J]. 人民论坛·学术前沿, (17): 12-28.
	ZHOU SHOUWEI, LI QINGPING, 2022. Building a self-reliant technological system for green development of offshore energy & resource[J]. Frontiers, (17): 12-28 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]	ABREU J F, COSTA A M, COSTA P V M, et al, 2023. Carbon net zero transition: a case study of hydrogen storage in offshore salt cavern[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 62: 106818.
[24]	AL HAGREY S A, KÖHN D, RABBEL W, 2014. Geophysical assessments of renewable gas energy compressed in geologic pore storage reservoirs[J]. SpringerPlus, 3(1): 267.
[25]	ALLSOP C, YFANTIS G, PASSARIS E, et al, 2023. Utilizing publicly available datasets for identifying offshore salt strata and developing salt caverns for hydrogen storage[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 528(1): 139-169.
[26]	BAI MINGXING, SONG KAOPING, SUN YUXUE, et al, 2014. An overview of hydrogen underground storage technology and prospects in China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 124: 132-136.
[27]	BLUNT M J, 2022. Ostwald ripening and gravitational equilibrium: implications for long-term subsurface gas storage[J]. Physical Review E, 106(4): 045103.
[28]	BÜNGER U, MICHALSKI J, CROTOGINO F, et al, 2016. Large-scale underground storage of hydrogen for the grid integration of renewable energy and other applications[M]//BALL M, BASILE A, VEZIROĞLU T N, Compendium of hydrogen energy: volume 4: hydrogen use, safety and the hydrogen economy. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing: 133-163.
[29]	CAGLAYAN D G, WEBER N, HEINRICHS H U, et al, 2020. Technical potential of salt caverns for hydrogen storage in Europe[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(11): 6793-6805.
[30]	CHEN TIANYU, FENG XIATING, CUI GUANGLEI, et al, 2019. Experimental study of permeability change of organic-rich gas shales under high effective stress[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 64: 1-14.
[31]	CIHLAR J, MAVINS D, VAN DER LEUN K, 2021. Picturing the value of underground gas storage to the European hydrogen system[R]. Chicago: Guidehouse.
[32]	DA COSTA A M, COSTA P V M, MIRANDA A C O, et al, 2019. Experimental salt cavern in offshore ultra-deep water and well design evaluation for CO₂ abatement[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29(5): 641-656.
[33]	DOPFFEL N, JANSEN S, GERRITSE J, 2021. Microbial side effects of underground hydrogen storage - knowledge gaps, risks and opportunities for successful implementation[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(12): 8594-8606.
[34]	EBRAHIMIYEKTA A, 2017. Characterization of geochemical interactions and migration of hydrogen in sandstone sedimentary formations: application to geological storage[D]. Orléans: Université d’Orléans: 1-191.
[35]	EVANS D, PARKES D, DOONER M, et al, 2021. Salt cavern exergy storage capacity potential of UK massively bedded halites, using Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)[J]. Applied Sciences, 11(11): 4728.
[36]	FATEMI S M, SOHRABI M, 2018. Relative permeabilities hysteresis for oil/water, gas/water and gas/oil systems in mixed-wet rocks[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 161: 559-581.
[37]	GANZER L, REITENBACH V, PUDLO D, et al, 2013. The H2STORE project - experimental and numerical simulation approach to investigate processes in underground hydrogen reservoir storage[C]// Paper presented at the EAGE annual conference & exhibition incorporating SPE Europec. London, UK: EAGE:SPE-164936-MS.
[38]	GOULART M B R, COSTA P V M D, COSTA A M D, et al, 2020. Technology readiness assessment of ultra-deep salt caverns for carbon capture and storage in Brazil[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 99: 103083.
[39]	HEINEMANN N, SCAFIDI J, PICKUP G, et al, 2021. Hydrogen storage in saline aquifers: the role of cushion gas for injection and production[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(79): 39284-39296.
[40]	HEMATPUR H, ABDOLLAHI R, ROSTAMI S, et al, 2023. Review of underground hydrogen storage: concepts and challenges[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 7(2): 111-131.
[41]	HEMME C, VAN BERK W, 2018. Hydrogeochemical modeling to identify potential risks of underground hydrogen storage in depleted gas fields[J]. Applied Sciences, 8(11): 2282.
[42]	IEA, 2019. The future of hydrogen-seizing today’s opportunities[R]. Karuizawa:Report prepared by the IEA for the G20.
[43]	IEA, 2021. Global hydrogen review 2023[EB/OL]. [2023-09-22]. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2023.
[44]	KAMPMAN N, BUSCH A, BERTIER P, et al, 2016. Observational evidence confirms modelling of the long-term integrity of CO₂-reservoir caprocks[J]. Nature Communications, 7(1): 12268.
[45]	KIRAN R, UPADHYAY R, RAJAK V K, et al, 2023. Comprehensive study of the underground hydrogen storage potential in the depleted offshore Tapti-gas field[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(33): 12396-12409.
[46]	KRYACHKO Y, 2018. Novel approaches to microbial enhancement of oil recovery[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 266: 118-123. doi: S0168-1656(17)31777-7 pmid: 29273562
[47]	LANKOF L, URBAŃCZYK K, TARKOWSKI R, 2022. Assessment of the potential for underground hydrogen storage in salt domes[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 160: 112309.
[48]	LASSIN A, DYMITROWSKA M, AZAROUAL M, 2011. Hydrogen solubility in pore water of partially saturated argillites: application to Callovo-Oxfordian clayrock in the context of a nuclear waste geological disposal[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 36(17-18): 1721-1728.
[49]	LORD A S, 2009. Overview of geologic storage of natural gas with an emphasis on assessing the feasibility of storing hydrogen[R]. Albuquerque, Livermore: Sandia National Laboratories.
[50]	LORD A S, KOBOS P H, BORNS D J, 2014. Geologic storage of hydrogen: scaling up to meet city transportation demands[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(28): 15570-15582.
[51]	LUBOŃ K, TARKOWSKI R, 2020. Numerical simulation of hydrogen injection and withdrawal to and from a deep aquifer in NW Poland[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(3): 2068-2083.
[52]	LÜTH S, BERGMANN P, COSMA C, et al, 2011. Time-lapse seismic surface and down-hole measurements for monitoring CO₂ storage in the CO₂ SINK project (Ketzin, Germany)[J]. Energy Procedia, 4: 3435-3442.
[53]	MAHDI D S, AL-KHDHEEAWI E A, YUAN Y J, et al, 2021. Hydrogen underground storage efficiency in a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 5(4): 437-443.
[54]	MATOS C R, CARNEIRO J F, SILVA P P, 2019. Overview of large-scale underground energy storage technologies for integration of renewable energies and criteria for reservoir identification[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 21: 241-258.
[55]	MCCALL M M, DAVIS J F, TAYLOR C, 2005. Offshore salt-cavern-based LNG receiving terminal[C]// Paper presented at the international petroleum technology conference. Doha, Qatar: IPTC.
[56]	MEADOWS M, 2008. Time-lapse seismic modeling and inversion of CO₂ saturation for storage and enhanced oil recovery[J]. The Leading Edge, 27(4): 506-516.
[57]	PANFILOV M, 2016. 4-Underground and pipeline hydrogen storage[M]//GUPTA R B, BASILE A, VEZIROĞLU T N, Compendium of hydrogen energy: volume 2: hydrogen storage, distribution and infrastructure. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing: 91-115.
[58]	PEECOCK A, EDLMANN K, MOULI-CASTILLO J, et al, 2023. Mapping hydrogen storage capacities of UK offshore hydrocarbon fields and exploring potential synergies with offshore wind[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 528(1): 171-187.
[59]	PESTANA M A, MORAIS C H B, DA COSTA A M, et al, 2019. Risk assessment in offshore salt caverns to store CO₂[C]// Proceedings of the ASME 2019 38th international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering. Glasgow, UK: ASME.
[60]	PFEIFFER W T, AL HAGREY S A, KÖHN D, et al, 2016. Porous media hydrogen storage at a synthetic, heterogeneous field site: numerical simulation of storage operation and geophysical monitoring[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(16): 1177.
[61]	PFEIFFER W T, BAUER S, 2015. Subsurface porous media hydrogen storage - scenario development and simulation[J]. Energy Procedia, 76: 565-572.
[62]	PFEIFFER W T, BEYER C, BAUER S, 2017. Hydrogen storage in a heterogeneous sandstone formation: dimensioning and induced hydraulic effects[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 23(3): 315-326.
[63]	PLAAT H, 2009. Underground gas storage: why and how[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313(1): 25-37.
[64]	RATIGAN J, 2007. Regulatory requirements for gas cavern MIT’s in North America[C]// Proceedings of the ASME 2019: 38th international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering. Glasgow, UK: ASME. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352152X23002153.
[65]	SAMBO C, DUDUN A, SAMUEL S A, et al, 2022. A review on worldwide underground hydrogen storage operating and potential fields[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(54): 22840-22880.
[66]	SCAFIDI J, WILKINSON M, GILFILLAN S M V, et al, 2021. A quantitative assessment of the hydrogen storage capacity of the UK continental shelf[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(12): 8629-8639.
[67]	SCHIRO F, STOPPATO A, BENATO A, 2019. Potentialities of hydrogen enriched natural gas for residential heating decarbonization and impact analysis on premixed boilers[C]// Proceedings of the international conference on advances in energy systems and environmental engineering (ASEE19). Wroclaw:E3S Web of Conferences, 116: 00072.
[68]	STONE H B J, VELDHUIS I, RICHARDSON R N, 2009. Underground hydrogen storage in the UK[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313(1): 217-226.
[69]	TARKOWSKI R, ULIASZ-MISIAK B, TARKOWSKI P, 2021. Storage of hydrogen, natural gas, and carbon dioxide - Geological and legal conditions[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(38): 20010-20022.
[70]	VAN SAMBEEK L L, BÉREST P, BROUARD B, 2005. Improvements in Mechanical Integrity Tests for solution-mined caverns used for mineral production or liquid-product storage[R]. New York: The Solution Mining Research Institute, Research Project Report, 2005-1.
[71]	VLADUCA I, PRISĂCARIU E G, SUCIU C P, et al, 2022. Study on nitrogen barrier protection of an airend oil-free compressor bearings in H₂ compression[C]//Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on occupational health and safety (SESAM 2021). Petrosani: MATEC Web of Conferences, 354: 47.
[72]	WANG L, REES S, CARR L K, et al, 2023. Feasibility of underground hydrogen storage with salt caverns in the offshore Polda Basin, South Australia[M]. Canberra: Earth Sciences for Australia’s Future: 1-37.
[73]	WANG TONGTAO, YANG CHUNHE, YAN XIANGZHEN, et al, 2015. Allowable pillar width for bedded rock salt caverns gas storage[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 127: 433-444.
[74]	WILLIAMS J D O, WILLIAMSON J P, PARKES D, et al, 2022. Does the United Kingdom have sufficient geological storage capacity to support a hydrogen economy? Estimating the salt cavern storage potential of bedded halite formations[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 53: 105109.
[75]	WU SHIGUO, CHEN WANLI, HUANG XIAOXIA, et al, 2020. Facies model on the modern isolated carbonate platform in the Xisha Archipelago, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 425: 106203.
[76]	ZHENG JIANGTAO, ZHENG LIANGE, LIU HUIHAI, et al, 2015. Relationships between permeability, porosity and effective stress for low-permeability sedimentary rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 78: 304-318.
[77]	ZHONG XINYU, ZHU YUSHUANG, LIU LIPING, et al, 2020. The characteristics and influencing factors of permeability stress sensitivity of tight sandstone reservoirs[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 191: 107221.
[78]	ZHU SHIJIE, SHI XILIN, YANG CHUNHE, et al, 2023. Hydrogen loss of salt cavern hydrogen storage[J]. Renewable Energy, 218: 119267.
[79]	ZIVAR D, KUMAR S, FOROOZESH J, 2021. Underground hydrogen storage: a comprehensive review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(45): 23436-23462.

储氢方式	技术手段	储氢类型	优势	缺陷	储氢价格/(USD·kg^-1)
盐穴储氢库	通过水溶开采方式, 在地下较厚盐岩层或盐丘层制造洞穴, 形成空间以储存气体。	纯氢	1. 技术较成熟; 2. 盐岩自我封闭性好, 能够有效防止氢气泄漏; 3. 储库压力上下限较宽, 储氢效率高。	1. 选址受限(必须挑选盐层较厚地层); 2. 前期建造成本较高, 容积相对较小。	1.61
含水层储氢库	通过向盖层下注气驱替岩层中的水来储存氢气。	与CH₄、CO₂、CO等其他气体以一定比例混合	1. 潜在库址资源广; 2. 地层条件合适可大规模储氢。	1. 可能对周围地下水资源和生态系统产生不良影响; 2. 储库内氢气与原位细菌发生反应可能产生甲烷、硫化氢等气体, 损耗和污染氢气, 降低储氢效率。	1.29
枯竭油气藏储氢库	通过已采尽原有油气资源的地下储层来储存氢气。	与CH₄、CO₂、CO等其他气体以一定比例混合	1. 容积大、密封性好、分布广; 2. 可大量利用现有地面地下设施, 前期建设成本低, 储氢综合成本最低。	1. 缺乏相关地质力学现象的研究; 2. 缺乏对单个岩性岩石类型的地质力学相互作用的综合研究。	1.23

海下地质储氢技术研究进展及挑战^*

Research progress and challenges of offshore geological hydrogen storage technology^*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 79

相关文章 0

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

海下地质储氢技术研究进展及挑战*

Research progress and challenges of offshore geological hydrogen storage technology*

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 79

相关文章 0

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

海下地质储氢技术研究进展及挑战^*

Research progress and challenges of offshore geological hydrogen storage technology^*