刺巨藤壶精子的发生及其超微结构
周欢(1994—), 女, 重庆市开州区人, 研究生, 研究方向甲壳动物生理生态。E-mail:18396111485@163.com |
收稿日期: 2019-09-01
要求修回日期: 2019-12-29
网络出版日期: 2020-05-19
基金资助
福建省高校产学合作项目(2018N5007)
版权
Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and spermatozoon of Megabalanus volcano
Received date: 2019-09-01
Request revised date: 2019-12-29
Online published: 2020-05-19
Supported by
Cooperative Project on production and education of University in Fujian Province(2018N5007)
Copyright
采用扫描和透射电镜技术, 观察刺巨藤壶(Megabalanus volcano)精子发生和精子的超微结构特征。结果显示, 刺巨藤壶精子发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子等5个阶段。在精子形成期间, 圆形或椭圆形的细胞核在微管的作用下沿轴丝延长并在胞质内弯曲, 核和轴丝随着精细胞的纵向伸长而延长, 细胞核最终成为线状; 斑块状的染色质逐渐解体, 呈细小颗粒状和粗颗粒状, 最后浓缩成高密度的均质物; 高尔基体分泌的囊泡不断融合, 形成大小不一的附属小滴前体, 最后融合并延伸成一个纺锤形的附属小滴; 许多小的线粒体不断融合成一个细长的线粒体, 移至核的后端。精子为前部带有附属小滴的长线状, 全长约58.39μm, 可分为顶体、颈部、中段和尾部四部分。长锥形的顶体位于精子最前端, 其后为基体; 颈部由基体产生的“9+2”型轴丝和与之并行的线状核组成; 顶体和颈部两者长共约6.65μm。中部长约42.95μm, 纺锤形的附属小滴(长约9.33μm, 最宽处约2.13μm)紧靠核和轴丝, 其后为颗粒状糖原及一个细长的线粒体; 尾部长约8.79μm, 只有轴丝贯穿。
周欢 , 林岗 , 饶小珍 . 刺巨藤壶精子的发生及其超微结构[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2020 , 39(3) : 98 -105 . DOI: 10.11978/2019082
The ultrastructural characteristics of spermatogenesis and spermatozoon of the barnacle Megabalanus volcano were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that its spermatogenesis included five developmental stages, i.e., spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, and mature spermatozoon. During spermatogenesis, a circular or oval nucleus extended along with an axial filament and bent in cytoplasm under the action of microtubules. The nucleus further elongated with longitudinal extension of a spermatid, and finally became filiform. Massive chromatin of nucleus underwent disintegration, fine granules, coarse granules, and eventually condensed into a high electron density homogenizer. The vesicles secreted by the Golgi complex coalesced to different sizes of precursors of accessory droplet, and finally fused into an accessory droplet of high electron density. Many small mitochondria fused to a slender one that was eventually positioned behind the nucleus. The spermatozoon (about 58.39 μm in length), which was divided into acrosome, neck, middle piece, and tail, was long filiform with an accessory droplet. The conical acrosome was located at the spermatozoon anterior, followed by a basal body. The neck was composed of a "9+2" type axial filament, and the filiform nucleus was parallel to the axial filament. The length of acrosome and neck was about 6.65 μm. The middle piece was about 42.95 μm in length. The spindle-shaped accessory droplet (about 9.33 μm long and 2.13 μm wide) was adjacent to the nucleus and axial filament, followed by a mass of glycogenosomes and a slender mitochondrion. The tail (about 8.79 μm in length) only had a typical "9+2" axial filament.
图1 刺巨藤壶精原细胞和精母细胞的超微结构a. 精原细胞; b. 正在分裂的精原细胞; c. 初级精母细胞; d. 正在分裂的初级精母细胞; e. 次级精母细胞; f. 正在分裂的次级精母细胞。CM: 质膜; Cp: 胞质; GC: 高尔基体; Ch: 染色质; Mi: 线粒体; N: 细胞核; Nu: 核仁; NE: 核膜 Fig. 1 Ultrastructure of spermatogonium and spermatocyte of Megabalanus volcano. (a) Spermatogonium; (b) splitting spermatogonium; (c) primary spermatocyte; (d) splitting primary spermatocyte; (e) secondary spermatocyte; (f) splitting secondary spermatocyte. CM: Cell membrane; Cp: cytoplasm; GC: Golgi complex; Ch: chromatin; Mi: mitochondrion; N: nucleus; Nu: nucleolus; NE: nuclear envelope |
图2 刺巨藤壶精细胞的超微结构a—d. 逐步发育的早期精细胞; e. 中期精细胞示伸长的细胞核; f. 中期精细胞示核膜周缘微管和伸长弯曲的细胞核; g. 中期精细胞示核膜周缘微管; h. 中期精细胞示高尔基体; i. 中期精细胞横切; j. 后期精细胞纵切; k. 后期精细胞纵切示一个线粒体; l. 后期精细胞横切。AD: 附属小滴; AF: 轴丝; GV: 高尔基体囊泡; Mi: 线粒体; Mt: 微管; N: 细胞核; PAD: 附属小滴前体 Fig. 2 Spermatid ultrastructure of Megabalanus volcano. (a-d) Developing early spermatid; e) mid-spermatid showing elongated nucleus; f) mid-spermatid showing perinuclear microtubules, elongated and curved nucleus; g) mid-spermatid showing perinuclear microtubules; h) mid-spermatid showing Golgi complex; i) cross section of mid-spermatid; j) longitudinal section of late spermatid; k) longitudinal section of late spermatid showing a single mitochondrion; l) cross section of late spermatid. AD: Accessory droplet; AF: axial filament; GV: Golgi vesicle; Mi: mitochondrion; Mt: microtubules; N: nucleus; PAD: precursor of accessory droplet |
图3 刺巨藤壶精子形态及超微结构a. 成熟精子; b. 顶体纵切; c. 顶体横切; d. 过基体纵切; e. 精子纵切; f. 过颈部横切; g. 过附属小滴纵切; h. 中段过线粒体纵切; i. 中段过糖原颗粒纵切; j. 中段过附属小滴横切; k. 中段过附属小滴末端横切; l. ①中段过糖原颗粒横切, ②中段过线粒体前端横切; m. 中段过线粒体横切; n. 尾部横切。Ac: 顶体; AD: 附属小滴; AF: 轴丝; BB: 基体; G: 糖原颗粒; Mi: 线粒体; N: 细胞核 Fig. 3 Spermatozoon morphology and ultrastructure of Megabalanus volcano. a) Whole spermatozoon; b) longitudinal section of acrosome; c) cross section of acrosome; d) longitudinal section of basal body; e) longitudinal section of sperm; f) cross section of neck; g) longitudinal section of accessory droplet; h) longitudinal section of mitochondrion in middle piece; i) longitudinal section of glycogenosome in middle piece; j) cross section of accessory droplet in middle piece; k) cross section of accessory droplet posterior in middle piece; l) ① Cross section of glycogenosome in middle piece; ② cross section of mitochondrion anterior in middle piece; m) cross section of mitochondrion in middle piece; n) cross section of tail. Ac: Acrosome; AD: accessory droplet; AF: axial filament; BB: basal body; G: glycogenosome; Mi: mitochondrion; N: nucleus |
表1 刺巨藤壶等6种藤壶精子附属小滴的比较Tab. 1 Comparison of the accessory droplet of the sperm in the barnacle Megabalanus volcano and other five species |
种类 | 长度/μm | 宽度/μm | 形状 | 内部结构 | 研究出处 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
刺巨藤壶( Megabalanus volcano) | 9.33 | 2.13 | 纺锤形 | 致密均匀 | 本文 |
红巨藤壶(M. rose) | 6.5 | 2.5 | 柠檬形 | 致密均匀 | Kubo et al, 1979 |
巨藤壶(M. ajax) | 6.5~7.5 | 2.26~2.3 | — | 致密均匀 | Healy et al, 1990 |
白脊管藤壶(Fistulobalanus albicostatus) | 5.0 | 0.8 | 香肠形 | 中央高密度、四周低密度 | Kubo et al, 1979 |
三角藤壶(Balanus trigonus) | 5.5 | 0.7 | 纺锤形 | 中央高密度、四周低密度 | Kubo et al, 1979 |
纹藤壶(Amphibalanus Amphitrite) | 17~20 | 0.7 | — | 多个囊状致密斑 | Healy et al, 1990 王艺磊 等, 1999 |
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