我国粤东沙菜属(红藻门 杉藻目)的分类鉴定 *
刘金梅(1996—), 女, 广西玉林人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事大型海藻的分类研究。email: |
Copy editor: 姚衍桃
收稿日期: 2020-03-14
要求修回日期: 2020-06-12
网络出版日期: 2020-06-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670199)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31970216)
天津市教委科研计划项目(JW1705)
版权
Morphological taxonomy of genus Hypnea (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) from eastern Guangdong, China
Received date: 2020-03-14
Request revised date: 2020-06-12
Online published: 2020-06-11
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670199)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970216)
Scientific Research Plan of Tianjin Municipal Education Committee(JW1705)
Copyright
沙菜属Hypnea海藻作为提取卡拉胶的原料之一, 具有重要的经济价值。但由于该属物种地理分布广泛, 表型可塑性强, 且缺乏详细的解剖学特征, 故有关其物种鉴定也就一直存在争议。本文利用冷冻切片技术, 通过形态学和解剖学方法, 对2013—2014年采自粤东汕头的沙菜属海藻进行了形态特征描述。经鉴定, 该地区沙菜属共有4种, 分别为密毛沙菜Hypnea boergesenii、裸干沙菜H. chordacea、长枝沙菜H. charoides和冻沙菜H. japonica。通过对这几种沙菜进行了较详细的内、外部结构特征分析, 给出了它们在国内外的地理分布及习性等信息, 并对沙菜属的科级分类系统(沙菜科Hypneaceae/赤叶藻科Cystocloniaceae)划分以及密毛沙菜是否为独立物种进行了讨论。
刘金梅 , 姜晶晶 , 马鑫 , 黄冰心 , 杨楠 , 刘美媛 , 丁兰平 . 我国粤东沙菜属(红藻门 杉藻目)的分类鉴定 *[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021 , 40(1) : 99 -110 . DOI: 10.11978/2020028
Hypnea as one of the raw materials for carrageenan has significant economic value. Due to its wide geographical distribution, strong phenotypic plasticity and lack of detailed anatomical features, the species identification has always been controversial. Using morphological and anatomical methods, we carried out a taxonomic study on genus Hypnea using samples from Shantou, eastern Guangdong province from 2013 to 2014. According to the identification, there are four species, namely Hypnea boergesenii, H. chordacea, H. charoides and H. japonica. We provide the internal and external structural characteristics and geographical distributions of these species, and discuss the division of the family-level taxonomy of Hypnea (Hypneaceae/Cystocloniaceae), including whether H.boergesenii is an independent species.
Key words: Guangdong; red algae; Hypnea; morphology; taxonomy
图1 密毛沙菜a. 藻体外观; b. 藻体基部; c、d: 藻体顶端; e. 盘状固着器; f. 藻体横切面; g. 藻体局部横切面; h. 藻体边缘细胞; i. 髓细胞壁镜状加厚; j—l: 四分孢子囊枝; m. 四分孢子囊; n—o: 囊果; p. 囊果切面观; q. 果孢子; r. 囊果被局部切面观 Fig. 1 Hypnea boergesenii: (a) habit sketch of the frond; (b) base of the frond; (c~d) upper portion of the branchlets; (e) disk-shaped holdfast; (f) transaction of the frond; (g) transection of part of the frond; (h) cortical cells; (i) lenticular thickening; (j~l) tetrasporangial branchlets; (m) tetrasporangia; (n~o) cystocarp; (p) longitudinal section of the cystocarp; (q) carpospores; (r) longitudinal section of the pericarp |
图2 裸干沙菜a. 藻体外观; b. 基部; c. 藻体顶端; d. 主轴横切面; e. 藻体局部横切面; f. 边缘细胞; g—i: 四分孢子囊枝; j、k: 四分孢子囊局部切面观; l、m: 囊果外观; n. 囊果纵切面; o. 囊果被局部切面观; p. 果孢子 Fig. 2 Hypnea chordacea: (a) habit sketch of the frond; (b) base of the frond; (c) upper portion of the branchlets; (d) transection of the frond; (e) transection of part of the frond; (f) cortical cells; (g~i) tetrasporangial branchlets; (j~k) transection of part of tetrasporangia; (l~m) cystocarp; (n) longitudinal section of the cystocarp; (o) longitudinal section of the pericarp; (p) carpospores |
图3 长枝沙菜a. 藻体外观; b、c: 藻体分枝; d. 藻体顶端; e. 藻体横切面(具镜状加厚部分); f. 藻体边缘细胞; g. 四分孢子囊枝; h. 四分孢子囊 Fig. 3 Hypnea charoides: (a) habit sketch of the frond; (b~c) branch of the frond; (d) upper portion of the branchlets; (e) transaction of the frond (with lenticular thickening); (f) cortical cells; (g) tetrasporangial branchlets; (h) tetrasporangia |
图4 冻沙菜a、b: 藻体外观; c. 藻体缠结; d. 藻体分枝; e、f: 钩状部分; g. 藻体横切面(具镜状加厚部分); h. 细胞壁镜状加厚部分(箭头所标处); i. 边缘细胞; j、k: 四分孢子囊枝; l. 四分孢子囊 Fig. 4 Hypnea japonica: (a~b) habit sketch of the frond; (c) entanglement of the frond; (e~f) hooks of the frond; (g) transaction of the frond; (h) lenticular thickening; (i) cortical cells; (j~k) tetrasporangial branchlets; (l) tetrasporangia |
表1 密毛沙菜、鹿角沙菜、易曲沙菜和粗糙沙菜的特征比较Tab. 1 Comparison of H. boergesenii, H. cervicornis, H. flexicaulis, and H. aspera |
粗糙沙菜H.aspera | 密毛沙菜H.boergesenii | 鹿角沙菜H.cervicornis | 易曲沙菜H.flexicaulis | 本文样品 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
藻体 | 不缠结 | 不缠结 | 缠结 | 缠结 | 不缠结 |
质地 | 软骨质 | 软骨质 | 膜质/亚软骨质 | 肉质/软骨质 | 软骨质 |
高度 | 5~7cm | 6~13cm | 10~14cm | 5~35cm | 6~10cm |
主轴 | 明显 | 明显 | 不明显 | 不明显 | 明显 |
分枝角度 | ≤90° | 常<90° | ≤90° | 45~150° | ≤90° |
枝端 | 伸直/弯曲 | 伸直/尖细 | 伸直/分叉/鹿角状 | 弯曲/钩状/鹿角状 | 伸直/尖细 |
镜状加厚 | 有 | 有 | 有 | 无 | 有 |
四分孢子囊位置 | 基部 | 基部/中部/上部 | 基部/中部 | 基部/中部 | 基部/中部/上部 |
四分孢子囊大小 | 长50~75μm; 宽22~37μm | 长28~36μm; 宽17~19μm | 长30~52μm; 宽17~27μm | 长35~55μm; 宽15~25μm | 长28~40μm; 宽17~28.5μm |
模式产地 | 新喀里多尼亚 | 中国台湾 | 巴西 | 日本 | 广东汕头 |
参考文献 | Kützing, 1868; Nauer et al, 2014 | Tanaka, 1941; Nauer et al, 2014 | 夏邦美 等, 1999; Nauer et al, 2014 | Yamagishi et al, 2000 | 本文 |
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