FY-3D卫星MWHS-2辐射率资料直接同化对台风“米娜”预报的影响*
束艾青(1997—), 男, 江苏省盐城市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事卫星资料同化方向的研究。email: |
Copy editor: 殷波
收稿日期: 2021-11-16
修回日期: 2022-01-11
网络出版日期: 2022-01-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重大项目(42192553)
上海市优秀学术/技术带头人计划(21XD1404500)
上海台风研究基金(TFJJ202107)
国家自然科学基金(G41805016)
国家自然科学基金(G41805070)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20201506)
高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室开放研究基金(SZKT201904)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX22_1163)
Assimilating MWHS-2 radiance of FY-3D satellite and its influence on the forecast of Typhoon Mitag*
Copy editor: YIN Bo
Received date: 2021-11-16
Revised date: 2022-01-11
Online published: 2022-01-17
Supported by
Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42192553)
Shanghai Academic / Technology Research Leader(21XD1404500)
Shanghai Typhoon Research Foundation(TFJJ202107)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(G41805016)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(G41805070)
Jiangsu Province Natural Science Fund(BK20201506)
Research Project of Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province in China(SZKT201904)
Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1163)
文章基于天气研究和预报(weather research and forecasting, WRF)模式中的FY-3D卫星微波湿度计Ⅱ(micro-wave humidity sounder 2, MWHS-2)辐射率资料的直接同化模块, 采用三维变分(three dimensional variation, 3DVar)方法在晴空条件下同化MWHS-2辐射率资料, 考察MWHS-2辐射率资料同化对台风“米娜”(2019)预报的影响。文中设计了4组试验, 第一组试验不同化任何资料, 第二组试验同化了单独的全球通信系统(global telecommunications system, GTS)常规资料, 第三组试验联合同化了GTS常规资料和MWHS-2辐射率资料, 第四组试验将MWHS-2辐射率资料换成先进技术微波探测计(advanced technology microwave sounder, ATMS)辐射率资料同化。研究结果表明: 偏差订正后各通道观测和背景场差值的均值趋于0, 同化后分析场相对观测的标准差与均方根误差较背景场显著减小, 同化过程是有效的。与仅同化GTS常规资料和同化ATMS资料的试验相比, 同化晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料后的增量场在台风中心附近有负的高度增量和正的温度增量, 从动力与热力上有助于台风的维持。在确定性预报最后的12h, 同化晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料的试验能够改进500hPa环流形势的模拟, 加强西南方向引导气流的强度, 从而最终减小台风路径预报的误差。
关键词: 台风“米娜”; FY-3D卫星; 晴空MWHS-2辐射率资料; 三维变分; 数值预报
束艾青 , 许冬梅 , 李泓 , 吴海英 , 沈菲菲 , 邓华 , 白亚雯 . FY-3D卫星MWHS-2辐射率资料直接同化对台风“米娜”预报的影响*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022 , 41(5) : 17 -28 . DOI: 10.11978/2021160
Based on the module of directly assimilating MWHS-2 (microwave humidity sounder 2) radiance of FY-3D in the WRF (weather research and forecasting) model, this study investigates the influence of assimilating clear-sky MWHS-2 radiance on the forecast of Typhoon Mitag (2019) by using the 3DVar (three dimensional variation) assimilation method. Four experiments are designed. No assimilation is performed in the first one, while only GTS (global telecommunications system) data are used in the second one. Further, the assimilation of both GTS data and MWHS-2 radiance is carried out in the third one. The fourth one replaces MWHS-2 radiance with ATMS (advanced technology microwave sounder) radiance. The results show that the mean differences of all channels between the observation and the background verge to 0 after the bias correction. In addition, compared with the background field, the standard deviation and root mean square error of the analysis field versus the observation decrease significantly after the assimilation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of assimilation. Compared with the experiment only assimilating GTS data and the experiment assimilating ATMS radiance, a negative height increment and a positive temperature increment are observed near the typhoon center after assimilating clear-sky MWHS-2 radiance, which contributes to the maintenance of typhoon from the dynamic and thermal aspects. In the last 12 hours of the deterministic forecast, the experiment assimilating clear-sky MWHS-2 radiance is able to improve the 500 hPa circulation simulation with stronger southwest steering flow, which finally reduces the error of typhoon track forecast.
表1 MWHS-2微波湿度计各通道特征Tab. 1 The characterictics of each channel of MWHS-2 |
通道 | 中心频率/GHz | 极化方式 | 带宽/MHz | 频率稳定度/MHz | 灵敏度/K | 主波束宽度/(°) | 主波束效率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 89.0 | V | 1500 | 50 | 1.0 | 2.0 | >92 |
2 | 118.75±0.08 | H | 20 | 30 | 3.6 | 2.0 | >92 |
3 | 118.75±0.2 | H | 100 | 30 | 2.0 | 2.0 | >92 |
4 | 118.75±0.3 | H | 165 | 30 | 1.6 | 2.0 | >92 |
5 | 118.75±0.8 | H | 200 | 30 | 1.6 | 2.0 | >92 |
6 | 118.75±1.1 | H | 200 | 30 | 1.6 | 2.0 | >92 |
7 | 118.75±2.5 | H | 200 | 30 | 1.6 | 2.0 | >92 |
8 | 118.75±3.0 | H | 1000 | 30 | 1.0 | 2.0 | >92 |
9 | 118.75±5.0 | H | 2000 | 30 | 1.0 | 2.0 | >92 |
10 | 150.0 | V | 1500 | 50 | 1.0 | 1.1 | >95 |
11 | 183.31±1 | H | 500 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.1 | >95 |
12 | 183.31±1.8 | H | 700 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.1 | >95 |
13 | 183.31±3 | H | 1000 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.1 | >95 |
14 | 183.31±4.5 | H | 2000 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.1 | >95 |
15 | 183.31±7 | H | 2000 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.1 | >95 |
图2 试验流程图GFS为全球预报系统再分析资料, GTS为全球通信系统常规观测资料, RADIANCE为卫星辐射率资料; 数字表示日期(日时) Fig. 2 Workflow of experiments |
表2 各组试验对比Tab. 2 The comparison of each experiment |
试验名称 | 同化的资料 |
---|---|
CNTL | 无 |
GTS_DA | GTS常规资料 |
MWHS_DA | GTS常规资料和MWHS-2辐射率资料 |
ATMS_DA | GTS常规资料和ATMS辐射率资料 |
图4 2019年09月30日06时(a、b)和18时(c、d)偏差订正后观测亮温减去背景场模拟亮温(a、c)和观测亮温减去分析场模拟亮温(b、d)图图中红色台风符号代表此刻台风中心位置。该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2021)5449的标准地图制作 Fig. 4 OMB (a, c) and OMA (b, d) of brightness temperature (units: K) after the bias correction, at 06:00 UTC on 30th September 2019 (a, b) and at 18:00 UTC on 30th September 2019 (c, d). The red typhoon symbol represents the observed location of typhoon |
图5 2019年09月30日06时(a、b、c)和18时(d、e、f)通道11偏差订正前观测与背景亮温(a、d)、偏差订正后观测与背景亮温(b、e)和偏差订正后观测与分析亮温(c、f)散点图Fig. 5 Scatter plots of channel 11 brightness temperature background versus observation before bias correction (a, d), background versus observation after bias correction (b, e), analysis versus observation (c, f) after bias correction, at 06:00 UTC on 30th September 2019 (a, b, c) and at 18:00 UTC on 30th September 2019 (d, e, f) |
图6 2019年09月30日06时(a、b、c)和18时(d、e、f)通道11偏差订正前观测亮温减去背景场模拟亮温(a、d)、偏差订正后观测亮温减去背景场模拟亮温(b、e)和偏差订正后观测亮温减去分析场模拟亮温(c、f)频率分布直方图OMB为观测亮温减去背景场模拟亮温, OMA为观测亮温减去分析场模拟亮温 Fig. 6 Frequency histograms of channel 11 OMB before the bias correction (a, d), OMB after bias correction (b, e), OMA after bias correction (c, f) at 06:00 UTC on 30th September 2019 (a, b, c) and at 18:00 UTC on 30th September 2019 (d, e, f) |
图7 2019年09月30日06时500hPa位势高度增量a. GTS_DA试验; b. MWHS_DA试验; c. MWHS_DA与GTS_DA试验之差; d. ATMS_DA与GTS_DA试验之差。红色台风符号代表此刻台风中心位置。该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2021)5449的标准地图制作 Fig. 7 500 hPa potential increment (units: gpm) of GTS_DA experiment (a), MWHS_DA experiment (b), the difference between MWHS_DA and GTS_DA experiment (c), the difference between ATMS_DA and GTS_DA experiment (d) at 06:00 UTC on 30th September 2019. The red typhoon symbol represents the observed location of typhoon |
图8 2019年09月30日06时500hPa温度增量a. GTS_DA试验; b. MWHS_DA试验; c. MWHS_DA与GTS_DA试验之差; d. ATMS_DA与GTS_DA试验之差。红色台风符号代表此刻台风中心位置。该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2021)5449的标准地图制作 Fig. 8 500 hPa temperature increment (units: K) of GTS_DA experiment (a), MWHS_DA experiment (b), the difference between MWHS_DA and GTS_DA experiment (c), the difference between ATMS_DA and GTS_DA experiment (d) at 06:00 UTC on 30th September 2019. The red typhoon symbol represents the observed location of typhoon |
图9 2019年10月2日09时GTS_DA试验(a)、MWHS_DA试验(b)、ATMS_DA试验(c) 500hPa位势高度和风矢量图中红色五边形区域突出了试验间的差异。该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2021)5447的标准地图制作 Fig. 9 500 hPa geopotential height (units: m) and wind vectors (units: m·s-1) of GTS_DA experiment (a), MWHS_DA experiment (b), ATMS_DA experiment (c) at 0600 UTC 30th September 2019. The red pentagon area highlights the differences of all experiments |
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