边缘海与开阔海中尺度涡生命周期演化规律对比分析: 以南海和黑潮延伸体为例
张智晟(1999—), 男, 广东省深圳市人, 硕士研究生, 从事物理海洋学研究。email: |
Copy editor: 姚衍桃
收稿日期: 2022-10-05
修回日期: 2022-12-18
网络出版日期: 2022-12-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42276019)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41706025)
广东省普通高校创新团队项目(2019KCXTF021)
广东省冲一流专项资金项目(080503032101)
广东省冲一流专项资金项目(231420003)
Comparative analysis of mesoscale eddy evolution during life cycle in marginal sea and open ocean: South China Sea and Kuroshio Extension
Copy editor: YAO Yantao
Received date: 2022-10-05
Revised date: 2022-12-18
Online published: 2022-12-22
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276019)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41706025)
Guangdong Provincial College Innovation Team Project(2019KCXTF021)
the First-class Discipline Plan of Guangdong Province(080503032101)
the First-class Discipline Plan of Guangdong Province(231420003)
本文利用1993—2020年AVISO(archiving validation and interpretation of satellite oceanographic)涡旋轨迹数据, 对比分析了太平洋边缘海域——南海与开阔海域——黑潮延伸体区中尺度涡的空间分布特征以及生命周期演化规律的异同。结果表明, 南海涡旋特性呈显著的季节性差异, 冬夏两季气旋涡(CEs, cyclonic eddies)和反气旋涡(AEs, anticyclonic eddies)极性概率分布呈现相反的“条带状”, 冬季CE强于AE, 夏季相反; 黑潮延伸体区则冬夏季均为CE强于AE, 极性概率分布无明显的季节变化。在生命周期演化上, 南海和黑潮延伸体区涡旋动能(EKE, eddy kinetic energy)演化曲线均呈现增长—稳定—衰减的特征, 且具有不对称性。南海涡旋的增长期短于衰减期, 黑潮延伸体区则为衰减期更短。南海夏季EKE曲线变化速率快于冬季, 黑潮延伸体区冬季的衰减期变化速率是夏季的1.5倍。平均传播速度演化曲线显示南海气旋涡具有先向西北随后转而向西南传播的特征, 纬向平均传播速度为3.3cm·s-1; 黑潮延伸体区气旋涡呈现西南向传播, 反气旋涡呈现西北向传播的特征, 纬向平均速度为1.3cm·s-1, 慢于南海涡旋。两个区域的涡旋传播速度和EKE在涡旋生命周期中的演化均存在显著的负相关。
张智晟 , 谢玲玲 , 李君益 , 李强 . 边缘海与开阔海中尺度涡生命周期演化规律对比分析: 以南海和黑潮延伸体为例[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023 , 42(4) : 63 -76 . DOI: 10.11978/2022210
Using the AVISO (archiving validation and interpretation of satellite oceanographic) eddy trajectories atlas product from 1993 to 2020, this study comparatively analyzes the characteristics and evolution patterns of mesoscale eddies during eddy life span in the South China Sea (SCS), a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean, and the Kuroshio Extension (KE), an open ocean. The results show that there is significant seasonal variation in the eddy characteristics in the SCS, with opposite polarity probability distribution of cyclonic eddies (CEs) and anticyclonic eddies (AEs) in winter and summer, while the distribution in KE has no seasonal variation. The AEs are stronger than CEs in summer in the SCS, while CEs are stronger than AE in the KE both in winter and summer. During the eddy life span, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) exhibits asymmetrical growth, stable and decay stages both in the SCS and KE. The eddy growth stage in the SCS is shorter than the decay stage, while the decay stage is shorter in the KE. The change rate of EKE during life span has larger values in summer than that in winter in the SCS, but has 1.5 times larger in winter in the KE. The mean propagation velocity curves shown that the AEs move northwestward and then southwestward in the SCS with average zonal speed of 3.3 cm·s-1, while in the KE, CEs move southwestward and AEs move northwestward in the whole life span, with average zonal speed of 1.3 cm·s-1, which is slower than that in the SCS. There is a significant negative correlation between the eddy propagation velocity and the EKE in the eddy life cycle in both regions.
Key words: South China Sea; Kuroshio Extension; mesoscale eddies; eddy kinetic energy
图1 西北太平洋海底地形示意图图中实线框和虚线框分别表示南海和黑潮延伸体区。该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2022)1873号的标准地图制作, 下同。地形数据为美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)提供的ETOPO2数据 Fig. 1 Topography map in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The solid line frame and dotted line frame represent the SCS and the KE, respectively |
表1 SCS和KE涡旋特征统计Tab. 1 Statistics of eddy characteristics of SCS and KE |
海区 | 涡旋 | 数量/个 | 快照数/个 | 振幅/cm | 半径/km | Te/d | EKE/(cm2·s-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCS | AEs | 763 | 45674 | 7.5±5.4 | 112.3±44.7 | 59.9±35.9 | 496.8±355.2 |
CEs | 902 | 49118 | 6.7±4.5 | 107.5±43.2 | 54.5±28.8 | 494.9±417.6 | |
全部 | 1665 | 94792 | 7.1±5.0 | 109.8±44.0 | 56.9±32.3 | 495.8±388.8 | |
KE | AEs | 1384 | 115504 | 17.3±11.5 | 94.7±31.3 | 83.5±75.5 | 930.5±751.8 |
CEs | 1469 | 123021 | 19.0±13.0 | 87.8±29.6 | 83.7±72.5 | 1424.4±1486.5 | |
全部 | 2853 | 238525 | 18.2±12.4 | 91.1±30.6 | 83.6±73.9 | 1185.2±1214.2 |
图4 SCS涡旋生命周期特征演化曲线a. EKE; b. 半径; c. 纬向传播速度; d. 经向传播速度; e. 总传播速度; f. 背景流速。图中曲线附近阴影为标准误差, 黑色虚线表示涡旋稳定期的起始。Te表示涡旋的归一化生命周期, 即涡旋持续时间除以涡旋平均周期 Fig. 4 Evolution of eddy properties during eddy life in the SCS. (a) EKE; (b) radius; (c) zonal propagation velocity; (d) meridional propagation velocity; (e) total propagation velocity and (f) background current velocity. The shading around curves represents standard error. The horizontal axis is the normalized eddy Te, and the black dotted lines show the start and end of the eddy stable stage |
图5 冬季(a、c)和夏季(b、d)SCS涡旋性质的生命周期演化图a Evolution of winter (a, c) and summer (b, d) eddy properties during eddy life cycle in SCS. The shading around curves indicates the standard error. The black dotted lines show the start and end of the eddy stable stage. The horizontal axis is the normalized eddy Te |
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