基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析
王雅君(1997—), 男, 江苏省常州市人, 主要从事河口海岸动力学研究。email: YajunWang1997@163.com |
Copy editor: 孙翠慈
收稿日期: 2024-03-01
修回日期: 2024-03-26
网络出版日期: 2024-05-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(52279080)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目区域联合基金-青年项目(2020A1515110367)
Analysis of tidal hydrodynamics characteristics of the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon system in Huizhou, Guangdong based on modified harmonic analysis model using the credo of smoothness
Copy editor: SUN Cuici
Received date: 2024-03-01
Revised date: 2024-03-26
Online published: 2024-05-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52279080)
Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project Regional Joint Fund -Youth Project(2020A1515110367)
潟湖体系的潮汐动力对其地貌演变、生态环境保护与海岸带资源的可持续开发利用等具有重要影响。以广东惠州双月湾潟湖为研究靶区, 基于2020—2023年4次潮位观测资料, 采用基于光滑导纳原理的短时调和分析(modified harmonic analysis model on the basis of the credo of smoothness, MHACS)模型和数理统计方法初步探讨该潟湖体系潮波传播和变化过程。结果表明,双月湾潟湖体系平均潮差为0.52~0.69m, 潮波从口门传播至潟湖上段, 其能量明显减小, 特别是上游区域的潮波衰减率为近口门段20倍, 潮波传播速度亦降低至近口门段的12%。在潟湖中, 半日潮M2、全日潮K1和浅水潮M4占据主导, 其振幅分别为23.06cm、30.4cm和7.74cm。其中, 全日潮和半日潮的振幅月变化较为稳定, 而浅水分潮的季节波动更加明显, 尤其是向上游传播时, 分潮的振幅和迟角季节性变化更为显著。潮波通过口门传入双月湾潟湖, 受地形辐聚与底床摩擦效应影响, 不同河段的潮波传播速度差异显著, 尤其是半日潮在口门区的传播速度普遍高于全日潮。各分潮在潟湖内的振幅衰减明显, 特别是S2、M4和MS4分潮的振幅梯度最为显著(4×10-6m-1)。
关键词: 基于光滑导纳原理的短时调和分析(MHACS); 潮波传播; T-tide; 潮波衰减; 传播速度
王雅君 , 张司一 , 欧素英 , 蔡华阳 , 朱馨雨 , 朱磊 . 基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025 , 44(1) : 93 -107 . DOI: 10.11978/2024048
The tidal dynamics of lagoon systems exert profound influences on their geomorphic evolution, ecological conservation, and sustainable development of coastal resources. This study focuses on the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon in Huizhou, Guangdong Province. Utilizing four sets of tidal level observations from 2020 to 2023, we employed a modified harmonic analysis model based on the principle of smoothness (MHACS) alongside statistical methods to preliminarily investigate the propagation and variation processes of tidal waves within the lagoon system. The results reveal that the average tidal range in the Shuangyue Bay lagoon system spans from 0.52 to 0.69 m. As tidal waves propagate from the mouth to the upper reaches of the lagoon, their energy diminishes significantly, with an attenuation rate in the upstream region approximately 20 times greater than that near the mouth. Additionally, the propagation speed of tidal waves decreases to approximately 12% of its value near the mouth. Dominant tidal constituents within the lagoon include the semi-diurnal tide M2, diurnal tide K1, and shallow-water tide M4, with amplitudes of 23.06 cm, 30.4 cm, and 7.74 cm, respectively. While the amplitudes of diurnal and semi-diurnal tides exhibit relatively stable monthly fluctuations, shallow-water tides display more pronounced seasonal variations, particularly evident when propagating upstream, where the amplitude and phase lag of tidal components undergo significant seasonal changes. Tidal waves enter the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon through its mouth, encountering influences from terrain convergence and bottom friction effects. The propagation speed of tidal waves varies significantly across different river sections, with the speed of semi-diurnal tides generally higher in the mouth area compared to diurnal tides. Moreover, the amplitude attenuation of each tidal component within the lagoon is substantial, particularly notable for the amplitude gradient of S2, M4, and MS4 tidal constituents, which reaches up to 4×10-6 m-1.
表1 广东惠州双月湾澙湖CTD-Diver观测站布设情况Tab.1 Layout of CTD-Diver observation station in the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon, Huizhou, Guangdong province |
编号 | 位置 | 经度 | 纬度 | 测量时间 | 时间长度/h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTD-1 | 潟湖口门 | 114°53'24" E | 22°34'30"N | 2020-07-03, 16:00—2020-08-19, 16:00 | 1129 |
2022-08-22, 16:00—2022-11-09, 15:00 | 1896 | ||||
2022-11-10, 10:00—2023-04-25, 6:00 | 3981 | ||||
2023-06-19, 10:00—2023-12-02, 8:00 | 3983 | ||||
CTD-2 | 潟湖中段 | 114°52'37"E | 22°36'29"N | 2020-07-04, 9:00—2020-08-19, 8:00 | 1104 |
2022-08-22, 16:00—2022-11-09, 15:00 | 1896 | ||||
2022-11-10, 10:00—2023-04-25, 6:00 | 3981 | ||||
2023-06-19, 10:00—2023-12-02, 8:00 | 3983 | ||||
CTD-3 | 潟湖上段 | 114°53'31"E | 22°37'26"N | 2020-07-03, 16:00—2020-8-19, 16:00 | 1129 |
表2 观测期间双月湾潟湖沿程三站点潮汐特征值统计Tab. 2 Statistics of tidal characteristic parameters at three stations along the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon during the observed period |
特征值 | CTD-1 | CTD-2 | CTD-3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
平均涨潮潮差/m | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.54 | |
平均落潮潮差/m | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.49 | |
平均潮差/m | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.52 | |
最大涨潮潮差/m | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.01 | |
最大落潮潮差/m | 1.87 | 1.57 | 1.19 | |
平均潮波振幅/m | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.25 | |
特征值 | 潟湖近口段 | 潟湖中上段 | ||
衰减率绝对值/(10-4·m-1) | 0.14 | 2.84 | ||
高潮位传播速度/(m·s-1) | 5.25 | 1.91 | ||
低潮位传播速度/(m·s-1) | 3.13 | 0.62 | ||
平均传播速度/(m·s-1) | 3.06 | 0.34 |
图3 双月湾3站点2020年观测期间MHACS模型和CHA模型模拟水位与实测水位对比a、b、c分别为CTD-1、CTD-2和CTD-3站点 Fig. 3 Comparison between simulated water levels and measured water levels using MHACS and CHA models during the observed period in 2020 at three stations along the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon. Panels (a), (b), and (c) correspond to CTD-1, CTD-2, and CTD-3 stations, respectively |
表3 2020年观测期间双月湾潟湖沿程三站点潮汐调和常数2种模型对比Tab. 3 Comparison of tidal harmonic constants at three stations along the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon during the observed period in 2020 |
潮汐 | CTD-1 | CTD-2 | CTD-3 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
振幅η/cm | 迟角 | 振幅η/cm | 迟角 | 振幅η/cm | 迟角 | ||||||||
MHACS | CHA | MHACS | CHA | MHACS | MHACS | CHA | CHA | MHACS | CHA | MHACS | CHA | ||
M2 | 29.77 | 30.18 | 239.75° | 240.90° | 27.01 | 26.83 | 252.73° | 253.02° | 11.55 | 12.72 | 580.83° | 428.05° | |
S2 | 10.48 | 9.14 | 265.09° | 277.41° | 8.15 | 6.81 | 283.12° | 292.45° | 2.32 | 2.70 | 519.24° | 545.93° | |
N2 | 5.50 | 5.55 | 230.61° | 259.75° | 5.04 | 5.14 | 248.42° | 247.99° | 2.45 | 3.18 | 565.30° | 610.42° | |
K2 | 2.78 | - | 268.82° | - | 2.14 | - | 289.21° | - | 0.71 | - | 503.20° | - | |
K1 | 32.38 | 37.00 | 288.34° | 301.69° | 30.18 | 36.63 | 298.42° | 308.78° | 25.95 | 29.59 | 296.38° | 316.75° | |
O1 | 28.21 | 24.83 | 241.35° | 239.68° | 26.49 | 23.54 | 252.60° | 250.55° | 22.94 | 19.91 | 251.36° | 268.11° | |
P1 | 10.49 | - | 281.40° | - | 9.72 | - | 291.69° | - | 8.38 | - | 290.80° | - | |
Q1 | 4.38 | 3.89 | 232.83° | 216.41° | 4.44 | 4.34 | 247.50° | 231.97° | 3.67 | 3.21 | 237.83° | 249.69° | |
M4 | 11.21 | 12.14 | 260.08° | 261.56° | 9.90 | 10.32 | 282.65° | 283.72° | 2.12 | 3.31 | 282.65° | 286.37° | |
MS4 | 5.07 | - | 339.08° | - | 4.16 | - | 376.70° | - | 0.69 | - | 376.70° | - |
注: “-”表示无数据 |
图4 2022—2023年观测期间分潮振幅的月变化a、b、c分别为CTD-1半日潮、全日潮和浅水分潮振幅; d、e、f分别为CTD-2半日潮、全日潮和浅水分潮振幅 Fig. 4 Monthly variation of tidal amplitude during the observed period from 2022 to 2023. Panels (a), (b), and (c) show the amplitudes of CTD-1 for the semi-diurnal tide, diurnal tide, and shallow water tidal components, respectively. Panels (d), (e), and (f) display the amplitudes of CTD-2 for the semi-diurnal tide, diurnal tide, and shallow water tidal components, respectively |
图5 2022—2023年观测期间分潮迟角的月变化a、b、c分别为CTD-1半日潮、全日潮和浅水分潮迟角; d、e、f分别为CTD-2半日潮、全日潮和浅水分潮迟角 Fig. 5 Monthly variation of tidal phase during the observed period from 2022 to 2023. Panels (a), (b), and (c) represent tidal phases for the semi-diurnal tide, diurnal tide, and shallow water tidal components of CTD-1, respectively. Panels (d), (e), and (f) depict tidal phases for the semi-diurnal tide, diurnal tide, and shallow water tidal components of CTD-2, respectively |
表4 全部观测期间双月湾潟湖沿程三站点潮汐调和常数平均值Tab. 4 The averaged tidal harmonic constants at three stations along the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon during the entire observed periods |
分潮 | CTD-1 | CTD-2 | CTD-3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
振幅η/cm | 迟角φ | 振幅η/cm | 迟角φ | 振幅η/cm | 迟角φ | |
M2 | 29.90 | 240.45° | 27.74 | 253.33° | 11.55 | 580.83° |
S2 | 11.21 | 264.35° | 9.45 | 279.17° | 2.32 | 519.24° |
N2 | 6.17 | 229.93° | 5.78 | 245.56° | 2.45 | 565.30° |
K2 | 3.03 | 267.37° | 2.54 | 283.01° | 0.71 | 503.20° |
K1 | 33.45 | 288.18° | 31.94 | 296.38° | 25.95 | 304.74° |
O1 | 27.77 | 241.61° | 26.55 | 251.36° | 22.94 | 257.65° |
P1 | 10.86 | 281.88° | 10.31 | 290.80° | 8.38 | 297.66° |
Q1 | 4.81 | 228.72° | 4.77 | 237.83° | 3.67 | 251.72° |
M4 | 11.21 | 260.08° | 9.90 | 265.47° | 2.12 | 597.32° |
MS4 | 5.07 | 339.08° | 4.16 | 350.00° | 0.69 | 677.48° |
表5 分潮传播速度${{C}_{A}}$及潮波振幅梯度δ的潟湖沿程变化Tab.5 Tidal wave celerity${{C}_{A}}$and tidal wave amplitude gradient δ changes along the course of the lagoon |
分潮 | CTD-1至CTD-2 | CTD-2至CTD-3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
${{C}_{A}}$/(m·s-1) | $\delta $/(10-6 m-1) | ${{C}_{A}}$/(m·s-1) | $\delta $/(10-6 m-1) | |
M2 | 3.25 | -0.14 | 0.07 | -3.05 |
S2 | 2.92 | -0.33 | 0.09 | -4.49 |
N2 | 2.63 | -0.13 | 0.07 | -2.99 |
K2 | 2.78 | -0.34 | 0.10 | -4.19 |
K1 | 2.65 | -0.09 | 1.35 | -0.77 |
O1 | 2.07 | -0.09 | 1.66 | -0.54 |
P1 | 2.42 | -0.10 | 1.64 | -0.76 |
Q1 | 2.13 | -0.02 | 0.72 | -0.97 |
M4 | 3.71 | -0.24 | 0.14 | -4.80 |
MS4 | 2.26 | -0.38 | 0.15 | -5.29 |
图6 八大分潮标准化振幅的月变化a、b分别为CTD-1半日潮和全日潮标准化振幅; c、d分别为CTD-2半日潮和全日潮标准化振幅 Fig. 6 The monthly variations of the standardized amplitudes of the eight major tidal components. (a) and (b) represent the semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal standardized amplitudes of CTD-1, respectively; (c) and (d) show the normalized amplitudes of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides of CTD-2, respectively |
图7 全部观测期间双月湾澙湖振幅、迟角平均值与频率关系a. 澙湖半日潮的标准化振幅; b. 澙湖全日潮的标准化振幅; c. 澙湖半日潮的迟角; d. 澙湖全日潮的迟角 Fig. 7 The relationship between the tidal amplitude, phase, and frequency of the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon during all observed periods. (a) The standardized amplitude of the semi-diurnal tide in the lagoon; (b) the standardized amplitude of the diurnal tide in the lagoon; (c) the phase of the semi-diurnal tide in the lagoon, and (d) the phase of the diurnal tide in the lagoon |
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