厦门杏林湾沉积物有机质、氮、磷污染空间分布及治理对策
陈建勇(1981—), 男, 广东省东莞市人, 硕士研究生, 高级工程师, 主要从事水利、水环境规划及设计工作。email: chenjianyong@smedi.com |
Copy editor: 孙翠慈
收稿日期: 2024-12-30
修回日期: 2025-01-20
网络出版日期: 2025-02-10
Spatial distribution and control strategies of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus pollution in sediments of Xinglin Bay, Xiamen
Received date: 2024-12-30
Revised date: 2025-01-20
Online published: 2025-02-10
封闭海湾沉积物的污染状态直接影响海岸生态环境安全。杏林湾作为人工封闭海湾, 在实施环湾截污措施后, 水质仍存在不稳定达标风险, 危及区域城市经济与社会发展。本文对厦门杏林湾沉积物样品的污染状态进行分析和指标评价, 并提出相应治理对策。分析表明, 湾区表层沉积物有机质(organic matter, OM)含量为1.93%~15.40%, 总氮(total nitrogen, TN)含量为650~3980mg·kg-1, 总磷(total phosphorus, TP)含量为311~2470mg·kg-1, 三者均呈现北侧河口和环湾东西两侧区域高, 中部和近海堤处低的分布规律。表层沉积物有机指数为0.07~2.53, 中度和重度污染点位占比54.3%, 主要分布在北侧河口、环湾区域; 表层沉积物TP单因子指数为0.52~4.12, 中度和重度污染点位占比30%, 分布特征与前者类似。沉积物OM、TN、TP污染垂向分布特征表现为含量随采样深度增加逐渐降低, 环湾东西两侧及北部河口区域表层污染富集现象明显。针对评价结果, 提出环保清淤与原位生态基底修复相结合的内源头污染分区、分质治理方法, 可为杏林湾水环境综合治理提供技术支持。
陈建勇 . 厦门杏林湾沉积物有机质、氮、磷污染空间分布及治理对策[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025 , 44(4) : 200 -209 . DOI: 10.11978/2024243
Sediment pollution in closed bays poses a direct threat to the ecological security of coastal environments. As a closed bay, Xinglin Bay faces ongoing challenges in maintaining stable water quality despite implemented pollution control measures, posing risks to regional economic and social development. To address this issue, we analyzed and evaluated sediment samples collected from Xinglin Bay and proposed corresponding control strategies. Our analysis indicated that the surface sediments in the bay area contain organic matter (OM) ranging from 1.93% to 15.40%, total nitrogen (TN) ranging from 650 to 3980 mg·kg-1, and total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 311 to 2470 mg·kg-1. These pollutants were more concentrated in the eastern and western rims of the bay and the northern estuary, while lower concentrations were detected in the central area and near the seawall. The organic pollution index of surface sediments ranged from 0.07 to 2.53, with 54.3% of sampling sites showing moderate to severe pollution, particularly near the northern estuary and bay rims. Similarly, the TP single-factor index ranged from 0.52 to 4.12, with 30% of sites showing moderate to severe pollution, following a distribution pattern similar to OM and TN. Vertical distribution analysis indicated that OM, TN, and TP concentrations gradually decreased with depth, with significant enrichment in the surface layers, especially in the eastern and western bay rims and the northern estuary. Based on these pollution evaluation results, we recommend a combination of conventional dredging and in-situ ecological restoration measures. This integrated approach can provide technical support for the comprehensive improvement of the water environment in Xinglin Bay.
Key words: closed bay; sediments; pollution evaluation; internal pollution control
表1 沉积物中有机指数评价标准Tab. 1 Evaluation criteria for organic index in sediments |
有机指数(IO) | 类型 | 等级 |
---|---|---|
<0.05 | 清洁 | Ⅰ |
[0.05, 0.20) | 较清洁 | Ⅱ |
[0.20, 0.50) | 尚清洁 | Ⅲ |
≥0.50 | 有机污染 | Ⅳ |
表2 沉积物TP污染指数评价标准Tab. 2 Evaluation criteria of total phosphorus (TP) pollution index in sediments |
单因子污染指数 | 类型 |
---|---|
<0.5 | 清洁 |
0.5~1.0 | 轻度污染 |
1.0~1.5 | 中度污染 |
≥1.5 | 重度污染 |
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