南海及周边国家港口作为全球重要的航运枢纽，凭借其战略性地理位置和高效的航运网络，在国际贸易和全球供应链中发挥着至关重要的作用。港口的服务效率直接影响整体物流网络的流畅度，传统港口效率评估方法难以捕捉动态环境下的复杂影响因素。利用南海区域2023年AIS（Automatic Identification System）数据，提出了一种基于船舶时空轨迹分析的港口服务效率评估框架，该框架通过滑动窗口法和射线法，分析船舶在港内的不同作业阶段（如进港、抛锚、泊位作业等），以量化南海地区六大集装箱港口（广州港、香港港、深圳港、新加坡港、胡志明港和巴生港）的服务效率。研究发现：①泊位作业时间基本符合正态分布，泊位作业时间集中在8~18h，且在各港口间有所不同，广州港作业时间较短，且效率高；②船舶类型对泊位作业时间具有显著影响，船型越大，泊位作业时间越长，且船型大小与泊位作业时间呈中度正相关（相关系数为0.314）；③港口服务效率在六个港口间存在差异，巴生港的效率最优，新加坡港存在较为严重的等待时间问题，表明该港口在供需关系中处于紧张状态。胡志明港各项表现均衡，存在优化空间。通过实证数据，为“海上丝绸之路”区域内港口协同调度与运营优化提供数据支持，旨在帮助港口管理者提升服务效率和调度能力。④船舶流量在一天内波动明显，6点至16点为高峰期。2月和11月流量最高，分别受春节和“双十一”影响。分析表明，船舶流量与等待时间正相关，流量越大，等待时间越长。

As critical maritime hubs in global shipping,the ports in the South China Sea and surrounding countries play a vital role in international trade and the global supply chain,owing to their strategic geographic locations and efficient shipping networks.The service efficiency of ports directly impacts the overall fluidity of logistics networks.Traditional port efficiency evaluation methods struggle to capture the complex influencing factors in dynamic environments.This study proposes a framework for evaluating port service efficiency based on ship spatiotemporal trajectory analysis using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data from 2023 in the South China Sea region.The framework employs the sliding window method and ray tracing method to analyze the different operational stages of ships in ports (such as port entry,anchoring,and berth operations) to quantify the service efficiency of the six major container ports in the region:Guangzhou Port,Hong Kong Port,Shenzhen Port,Singapore Port,Ho Chi Minh Port,and Port Klang.The findings reveal:①The berthing operation times generally follow a normal distribution,with times concentrated between 8 to 18 hours,varying across ports.Guangzhou Port has the shortest operation times and the highest efficiency.②Ship types significantly affect berthing operation times,with larger vessels requiring longer times.The size of the vessel is moderately positively correlated with the berthing operation time(correlation coefficient of 0.314).③There are differences in port service efficiency among the four ports,with Port Klang exhibiting the highest efficiency,while Singapore Port faces significant waiting time issues,indicating a strained supply-demand relationship.Ho Chi Minh Port performs consistently but has room for optimization.Through empirical data,this study provides data support for the collaborative scheduling and operational optimization of ports within the "Maritime Silk Road"region,aiming to assist port managers in enhancing service efficiency and scheduling capabilities.④Ship traffic fluctuates significantly throughout the day, with peak periods from 6 AM to 4 PM. February and November experience the highest traffic, influenced by the Spring Festival and "Double Eleven" shopping festival, respectively. The analysis shows a positive correlation between ship traffic and waiting time; the higher the traffic, the longer the waiting time.​