为了了解不同养殖条件下孔雀石绿(malachite green, MG)及其代谢产物隐色孔雀石绿(leucomalachite green, LMG)在罗非鱼Oreochromis  spp.体内的代谢残留规律, 做到对孔雀石绿进行有效监控。研究了规格为(150±20)g与(45±10)g的罗非鱼肌肉中孔雀石绿代谢消除规律; 淡水养殖与盐度为15‰的咸淡水养殖的罗非鱼肌肉中孔雀石绿代谢消除规律; 分别经0.5和2mg·L-1浓度药浴1h的罗非鱼肌肉中孔雀石绿代谢消除规律。采用纯有机溶剂提取目标物, 前处理简便、快捷, 无需液液萃取及固相萃取, 大大降低了成本。结果表明, 到第60天所有组的孔雀石绿都检不出, 而隐色孔雀石绿依然可以检到, 说明隐色孔雀石绿代谢较孔雀石绿慢; 大规格罗非鱼孔雀石绿及隐色孔雀石绿代谢快于小规格的罗非鱼; 咸淡水养殖的罗非鱼同一时间体内残留孔雀石绿较淡水养殖高而隐色孔雀石绿的残留量相反; 高浓度药浴罗非鱼肌肉中的孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿均高于低浓度药浴的罗非鱼, 且高浓度药浴的罗非鱼肌肉中孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿残留时间长。本试验综合实际情况, 对比了不同试验条件下孔雀石绿代谢残留规律, 为解决长期以来困扰我国渔业未来发展的质量安全问题提供依据参考。

The elimination of malachite green (MG) in different groups’ tilapia (Oreochromis  spp.) muscle was studied, using different sizes of (150 ± 20)g and (45 ± 10)g, different cultivating conditions of freshwater and 15‰ of salt, different concentrations of medicated bath of 0.5mg·L-1 and 2mg·L-1, respectively, in order to investigate residues of MG and to monitor the use of MG in fish. The former deal was simple, fast, without liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, greatly reducing costs by pure organic solvent extraction target. The results showed that the entire MG group was not detected up to day 60, but LMG (leucomalachite green) still could be detected so that LMG had slower metabolism than MG. Large-sized tilapia MG and LMG had metabolism faster than the small tilapia. The residues of MG and LMG were different under different cultivating conditions; at the same time MG in the salt cultivating condition had more residue than that in freshwater, but LMG was just the opposite. MG and LMG in the tilapia muscle by high concentration of medicated bath were higher than those by low concentration of medicated bath, and the residue in the former lasted a long time. The Lower case of actual situation, the comparison of different experiments under the conditions of malachite green residues of metabolism, in order to solve China’s fishing industry problem, has provided a basis for reference for the future development of long plagued quality and safety issues.