采用单因子分析方法, 在室内模拟设置10个温度梯度(6—36℃)、10个盐度梯度(4‰—40‰)和4种底质(细粉沙、细沙、粗沙、混合沙组)及3个厚度梯度(5、10、30mm), 研究温度、盐度和底质对大竹蛏稚贝生长及存活的影响。结果表明: 1)在盐度为21.4‰的条件下, 大竹蛏稚贝存活及生长的适温范围为6—30℃, 最适温度范围为21—30℃; 15℃以上随温度升高日生长率逐渐增大, 30℃个体日生长率为1.82%, 21℃组成活率最高达88%。2)在温度为21.6—28.6℃条件下, 大竹蛏稚贝存活及生长的盐度适宜范围为20‰—32‰, 最适盐度范围为20‰—28‰; 盐度20‰时成活率最大为85%, 盐度24‰时个体日生长率最大为1.72%。3)大竹蛏稚贝对底质环境无明显的选择性, 沙的粒径大小对稚贝成活率和日生长率均无显著影响(P>0.05); 但稚贝在不同厚度底质中的成活率和日生长率存在显著差异, 10和30mm组的成活率和日生长率均显著高于5mm组的成活率和日生长率(P<0.05)。

We studied the growth and survival of Solen grandis Dunker juveniles reared at different laboratory conditions, namely 10 temperature grades from 6 to 36℃ at salinity 21.4‰, 10 salinity grades from 4‰ to 40‰ at temperatures from 21.6 to 28.6℃, and three depth grades from 5 to 30mm formed by four different kinds of sediments (fine silt, fine sand, coarse sand, and mixture of coarse sand and fine silt). The results are as follows. (1) The suitable temperature under salinity of 21.4‰ for juvenile growth and survival ranged from 6 to 30℃, and the optimal temperature ranged from 21 to 30℃. Under the suitable temperature, the growth and survival rates increased with the increase of temperature; the maximum survival rate was 88% at 21℃, and the maximum daily growth rate was 1.82% at 30℃. (2) The suitable salinity under temperature from 21.6 to 28.6℃ for juvenile growth and survival ranged from 20‰ to 32‰, and the optimal salinity ranged from 20‰ to 28‰. Under the suitable salinity, increasing salinity resulted in an increase of both growth and survival rates; the maximum survival rate was 85% under the salinity of 20‰ and the maximum daily growth rate was 1.72% under the salinity of 24‰. (3) The substrate and sandy diameter had no effects on the growth and survival rates of juveniles, but the depth of sediment had significant impact on the growth and survival rates. The growth and survival rates of the groups under 10 and 30mm were higher than those under 5mm.