海洋生物学

长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系

展开
  • 1.  中国科学院南海海洋研究所,  中国科学院海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,  广东  广州 510301; 2.  中国海洋大学水产
    学院,  山东  青岛 266003; 3.  山东省海水养殖研究所,  山东  青岛 266003
刘文广(1979—), 男, 山东省聊城市人, 助理研究员, 主要从事贝类生理学研究。E-mail: wg-liu@163.com

收稿日期: 2010-04-06

  修回日期: 2010-05-20

  网络出版日期: 2011-07-20

基金资助

国家高技术研究发展计划重点项目(2006AA10A409);  国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A01);  教育部重大培育项目
707041)

Seasonal variation in reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in relation to
environmental factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou
    510301, China; 2. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao  266003, China; 3. Mariculture Institute of Shandong
    Province, Qingdao 266003, China

Received date: 2010-04-06

  Revised date: 2010-05-20

  Online published: 2011-07-20

摘要

为了阐明长牡蛎的繁殖策略,  自 2004 年 3 月—2005 年 2 月对乳山湾养殖海区的环境因子(水温、盐度、叶
绿素 a 含量)、长牡蛎繁殖周期及其生化成分(糖原、脂肪、蛋白质、RNA/DNA 比值)的季节变化进行研究。结果
显示,  水温在一年中呈现显著变化,  夏季水温最高,  最高值为 29.5 (8 ℃ 月),  冬季水温最低,  最低值为 1.8 (1 ℃ 月);
盐度在夏季雨水较多的时候略有降低;  叶绿素 a  含量在夏末秋初(8月和 9月)和春季(4月)有 2个峰值,  冬季最低。
长牡蛎的繁殖周期分为冬季的休止期和从春季到夏季的繁殖期,  在长牡蛎的繁殖期,  条件指数逐渐下降到最低值,
表明繁殖期长牡蛎生长变慢。在长牡蛎的配子发生过程中软体部蛋白质和脂肪含量略有上升,  而糖原含量显著下
降,  表明长牡蛎配子的发生需要储存的糖原提供能量; RNA/DNA 比值在配子发生过程中逐渐升高,  显示
RNA/DNA 比值可以作为一个指标来指示长牡蛎的性成熟。 配子发生过程中,  长牡蛎的灰分含量逐渐升高,  表明长
牡蛎通过分解自身的贮能物质提供能量,  使体内有机物含量减少,  从而导致灰分含量上升。实验结果表明长牡蛎
的配子发生类型为保守种。

本文引用格式

刘文广 ,李琪 ,高凤祥 ,于瑞海 ,孔令峰 . 长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2011 , 30(3) : 88 -93 . DOI: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.03.088

Abstract

he authors studies the reproductive cycle and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in
relation to environmental factors (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration) in  the culture areas of the Rushan
Bay from March 2004 to February 2005 in order to investigate its reproductive strategy. The results show that the water tem-
perature exhibited a profound seasonal change with the highest value in summer (August, 29.5℃) and the lowest value in
winter (January, 1.8℃), and the salinity had a small drop during rainfall periods in summer. The concentration of chlorophyll a
exhibited a clear seasonal pattern characterized by two unequally sized peaks: a small one in April 2004 (17.7μg·L−1
), and a
large one in September 2004 (25.8μg·L−1
). During winter, chlorophyll a concentration was low. Gonadal development of C.
gigas began in March and spawning took place during July to September. In winter, the gonad of C. gigas entered the undif-
ferentiated phase. The condition index decreased gradually during spawning, showing that C. gigas grew up slowly during
gametogenesis. The protein and lipid content increased gradually while the glycogen content decreased sharply during game-
togenesis, suggesting that glycogen played an important role in the reproductive cycle of  C. gigas. An increase in the
RNA/DNA ratio was found during gametogenesis, illustrating that RNA/DNA ratio was a valid indicator of sexual maturation in C. gigas. Significant decrease in ash content was observed during  spawning, indicating that substrates stored in various
tissues were catabolized to supply energy during gametogenesis. The results demonstrate that C. gigas may be considered as a
conservative species in gametogenic pattern.

参考文献

[1] RUIZ C, ABAD M, SEDANO F, et al. Influence of seasonal environmental changes on the gamete production and biochemical composition of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) in suspended culture in El Grove, Galicia, Spain[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 1992, 155(2): 249-262.
[2] URRUTIA G X, NAVARRO J M, CLASING E, et al. The effects of environment factors on the biochemical composition of the bivalve Tagelus dombell (Lamarck.1818) (Tellinacea: Solecurtidae) from the intertidal flat of Coihuin, Puerto Montt, Chile[J]. J Shellfish Res, 2001, 20(3): 1077-1087.
[3] BARBER B J, BLAKE N J. Energy storage and utilization in relation to gametogenesis in Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say)[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 1981, 52: 121-134.
[4] LIU WENGUANG, LI QI, YUAN YUNDANG, et al. Seasonal variations in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the Cockle Fulvia mutica (Reeve) from eastern coast of China[J]. J Shellfish Res, 2008, 27: 1-7.
[5] ZANDEE D I, KLUYTMANS J H, ZURBURG W, et al. Seasonal variations in biochemical composition of Mytilus edulis with reference to energy metabolism and gametogenesis[J]. Neth J Sea Res, 1980, 14: 1-29.
[6] BAYNE B L. Aspects of reproduction in bivalve mollusks[M]//WILEY M L. Estuarine processes. New York: Academic Press, 1976: 432-448.
[7] THOMPSON R J. Blood chemistry, biochemical composition, and the annual reproductive cycle in the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, from southeast Newfoundland[J]. J Fish Res Board Can, 1977, 34: 2104-2116.
[8] 王如才, 王昭萍, 李琪, 等. 海水贝类养殖学[M]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学出版社, 2008: 116-170.
[9] 张正道. 长牡蛎的采苗技术[J]. 海洋科学, 1996(4): 70-71.
[10] 国家海洋局. 海洋调查规范: 第6部分: 海洋生物调查[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007: 6-14.
[11] 堀越弘毅. 糖類 (アンスロン法)[J]. 化学の領域, 1958, 34: 36-39.
[12] FOLCH J, LEES M, STANLEY-SLOANE G H. A simple method for the isolation purification of total lipids from animal tissues[J]. J Biol Chem, 1957, 226: 497-507.
[13] STEPHEN D. The reproductive biology of the Indian oyster Crassotrea madrasensis (Preston). II. Gametogenic cycle and biochemical levels[J]. Aquaculture, 1980, 21(2): 147-153.
[14] 中野広. 稚仔魚研究のための核酸の定量法[J]. 海洋と生物, 1988, 10: 23-26.
[15] MANN R. Some biochemical and physiological aspects of growth and gametogenesis in Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis grown at sustained elevated temperatures[J]. J Mar Biol Assoc UK, 1979, 59(1): 95-110.
[16] PARK M S, KANG C K, LEE P Y, et al. Reproductive cycle and biochemical composition of the ark shell Scapharca Broughtonii (Schrenck) in a southern coastal bay of Korea[J]. J Shellfish Res, 2001, 20: 177-184.
[17] KANG C K, PARK M S, LEE P Y, et al. Seasonal variations in condition, reproductive activity, and biochemical composition of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in suspended culture in two coastal bays of Korea[J]. J Shellfish Res, 2000, 19(2): 771-778.
[18] REN J S, MARSDEN I D, ROSS A H, et al. Seasonal variation in the reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand[J]. N Z J Mar Freshw Res, 2003, 37: 171-182.
[19] RUIZ C, ABAD M, SEDANO F, et al. Influence of seasonal environment changes on the gamete production and biochemical composition of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) in suspended culture in El Grove, Galicia, Spain[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 1992, 155(2): 249-262.
[20] STARR M, HIMMELMAN J H, THERRIAULT J C. Direct coupling of marine invertebrate spawning with phytoplankton blooms[J]. Science, 1990, 247: 1071-1074.
[21] MARIN M G, MOSCHINO V, DEPPIERI M, et al. Variations in gross biochemical composition energy value and condition index of T. philippinarum from the Lagoon of Venice[J]. Aquaculture, 2003, 219: 859-871.
[22] ANSELL A D. Seasonal changes in biochemical compositions of the bivalve Abra alba from the Clyde sea area[J]. Mar Biol, 1974, 25: 85-99.
[23] LOMOVASKY B J, MALANGA G, CALVO J. Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of the clam Eurhomalea exalbida (Bivalvia: Veneridae), from the Beagle channel[J]. Argentina J shellfish Res, 2004, 23: 81-87.
[24] NAVARRO E, IGLESIAS J I P, LARRA?AGA A. Interannual variation in the reproductive cycle and biochemical composition of the cockle Cerastoderma edule from Mundaca Estuary (Biscay, North Spain)[J]. Mar Biol, 1989, 101: 503-511.
[25] LI Q, OSADA M, MORI K. Seasonal biochemical variations in Pacific oyster gonadal tissue during sexual maturation[J]. Fish Sci, 2000, 66: 502-508.
[26] WALNE P R. Experiments on the culture in the sea of the butterfish Venerupis decussate L[J]. Aquacuture, 1976, 8: 371-381.
[27] SBRENNA G, CAMPIONI D. Gametogenic and spawning patterns of manila clams Tapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneroida) in two lagoons of the River Po Delta, Italy[J]. J Shellfish Res, 1994, 13: 37-46.

文章导航

/