龟足是一种营养价值高, 具有多种生理功能和保健作用的优质海产品, 开展其消化生理的研究, 可以为其规模化养殖提供理论依据。用酶学分析方法测定了龟足Capitulummitella成体消化道5种消化酶的活力并探讨了温度、pH因子对5种消化酶活力的影响。结果表明, 龟足的消化道能检测出类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶的活力, 其中类胰蛋白酶活力最高, 胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力均较高, 纤维素酶活力极低, 类胰蛋白酶活力＞胃蛋白酶活力, 淀粉酶活力＞纤维素酶活力。类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶的最适温度均为55℃, 纤维素酶、脂肪酶的最适温度分别为45℃、35℃; 类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶的最适pH分别为10. 8、2. 5、5. 9、4. 2—5. 5、7—7. 5。最适温度、pH下测得胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶活力分别为: (267. 07±13. 69)U、(72. 21±6. 1)U、(28. 62±1. 6)U、(1. 46±0. 02)U、(65. 24±1. 8)U。淀粉酶(A)与类胰蛋白酶(T)活力的比值(A/T值)表明龟足是以动物食性为主的甲壳动物。
关键词：
龟足; 消化酶活力; 温度; pH; 食性
Goose barnacle Capitulum mitella is a seafood with high nutrition and multiple biological and health benefits. To study its digestive functionality can provide theoretical foundation for its breeding. Five major digestive enzyme activities of the adu lt goose barnacle (Rostral-carinal length ＞ 11 mm) and the effects of different temperature and pH values on activities of the digestive enzymes were studied by enzyme analysis. The results indicate that the activities of trypsin-like protease, pepsin, amylase, cellulase, and lipase were determined in alimentary tract and affected obviously by temperature and pH values. The optimal temperatures for the activities of trypsin-like protease, pepsin, and amylase were 55 ℃ , and 45 ℃ for cellulose, and 35 ℃ for lipase, respectively. The optimal pH values for trypsin-like protease, pepsin, and amylase were 10.8, 2.5, and 5.9, respectively at 55 ℃ , and those for cellulase and lipase were 4.2 - 5.5 at 35 ℃ and 7.0 - 7.5 at 45 ℃ . The activities of five digestive enzymes were in an order from strong to weak: trypsin-like protease, pepsin, amylase, cellulase, and lipase in alimentary tract at the most favorable reacting temperature and pH. The low ratio of Amylase/Trypsi ( A/T) indicates that Capitulum mitella is a kind of carnivorous crustacean.
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