海底沉积物保真采样对于诸多海洋科学研究非常重要，各种研究目标的实现与沉积物样品的原位信息密切相关。本文论述了海底沉积物保真采样的目的和意义，提出了保真采样的定义，介绍了保真采样器的发展现状。论文重点讨论了保真采样器在采样过程中所涉及的共性关键技术。在此基础上，介绍了我国重力活塞式天然气水合物保真采样器的研究进展。最后，提出了关于发展我国保真采样技术的如下几点设想：1）重视沉积物低扰动技术研究，为相关海洋科学研究提供样品层次清晰、物质成分完备的沉积物样品。2）与HYACINTH计划类似，为适应不同海底地质条件，开发系列保真采样器。对松软的非岩性沉积物（从软泥、沙到砂砾）采样时，可采用重力驱动或震动冲击驱动保真采样装置；对硬质岩化的沉积物采样时，可采用回转式保真采样装置。3）重点开展沉积物样品无压降转移技术。实现实验室内的保真分析、存储和小段样品获取，开展原位压力条件下沉积物样品的地球物理学测试、地球化学、微生物、和石油物理学等研究分析。4）开展长柱状沉积物保真采样技术研究，为我国天然气水合物研究提供技术保障。

Gas-tight sampling techniques of seafloor sediment are very important for various ocean researches, for the realizations of research goals are closely linked with the in-situ information of sediment samples. The purpose and significance to develop seafloor gas-tight sampling techniques are discussed in this paper, along with the definition of the gas-tight sampling techniques and the development of the seafloor pressure samplers. Several major techniques of the gas-tight samplers are emphatically presented. The development of the gas hydrate pressured corer in China is also introduced. Several ideas about how to develop gas-tight sampling techniques in China are put forward: 1) attach importance to the low-disturbing sampling research, and offer level clarity and material composition complete sediment samples for relevant oceanography research; 2) similar to the HYACINTH, in order to meet different geological conditions of seafloor, develop the series of gas-tight sampling devices. The gravity or shake corer can be adopt for the soft sediment (from the ooze, sand to gravel), and the rotary corer for the hard sediment; 3) carry out the core transfer technique under pressure. realize the analyzing, storing and obtaining of the small section samples without loss of pressure in laboratory, and launch geophysics, geochemistry, microorganism, and petroleum physics researches under the in-situ conditions; and 4) launch large depth sediment sampling technical research, and provide technical support for gas hydrate research in China.