海绵动物是天然活性产物重要的生物来源。近年来针对海绵的研究主要集中在其化合物的分离鉴定和活性检测, 而对其本身组织结构和细胞生物学的探索较少。文章采用组织学方法和透射电镜对小轴海绵的结构和原位细胞形态进行了观察和鉴定; 通过细胞分离手段, 将4种主要类型细胞富集, 并进一步对其密度分布、光学特性、内含物、培养特性等进行了全面的检测。结果表明, 小轴海绵水沟系为复沟型; 具有外扁平细胞层、皮层和髓层结构; 主要的细胞类型为小球细胞(A、B)、原细胞和领细胞; 两种小球细胞具有较高密度、特殊的荧光和细胞内含物; 原细胞和领细胞内含有糖类和脂类能量物质, 提取物在可见光区有类胡萝卜素的吸收峰; 除小球细胞B外, 其余细胞均可富集后培养; 领细胞与小球细胞可能存在分化衍生的关系。研究结果为进一步分析小轴海绵细胞分化、活性化合物的代谢通路和细胞培养模式提供了基础依据。
Sponges are important sources of natural bioactive products. In recent years, studies in this area mainly focused on separation, identification and bioactivity determination of sponge compounds. However, little progress has been made on the structure organization and cell biology of the organisms. In this research, histology method and transmission electronic microscopy were used to study the structure pattern of Axinella sp., and identify cells in their natural form. A purification protocol was used to enrich four types of sponge cells. The enriched cells then went through a series of analyses to determine their densities, microscopic features, cellular contents and culturability. The results showed that Axinella sp. held a leuconoid canal system, with a structure consisted of exopinacoderm, ectosome and choanosome. The major cell types were two kinds of spherulous cell (A and B), archaeocyte and choanocyte. The two types of spherulous cells both have high densities, peculiar fluorescent features as well as characteristic cell inclusions. In archaeocytes and choanocytes, carbonhydrate and lipid were detected. The extracts of these two cells had absorptions in visible light region, which shared similar absorption spectra with carotenoid. Besides the spherulous cell B, the other enriched cell fractions showed culturability. The result also suggested that the spherulous cells might be differentiated from the choanocytes. The research provided a foundation for future studies on cell differentiation, metabolism pathways and cell culture pattern of marine sponges.
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