苦槛蓝[Myoporum bontioides (Sieb. et Zucc.) A. Gray]是生长于热带亚热带海岸高潮带的常绿灌木, 常出现于红树林陆岸外滩, 属于半红树植物。苦槛蓝不仅具有较高的观赏价值, 还具有良好的防风固沙护堤功能, 在海岸生态环境修复中发挥重要的作用。文章主要从苦槛蓝的种群分布特征、土壤特性、叶片与茎部结构特征、叶片生态学特性和自身繁殖特性方面进行研究, 结果表明: 1) 苦槛蓝现生种群多为单优群落, 其土壤电导率和有机质含量高低对其分布影响较大, 而与pH和盐度相关性不大; 2) 在叶片形态结构特征上, 苦槛蓝的叶片上下表皮都有气孔器分布, 且都具有盐腺, 是一种泌盐植物; 3) 在叶片生态学特性上, 广东高桥苦槛蓝种群叶片单位质量建成成本最高, 其次为福建漳浦种群, 福建泉州种群最低。浙江西门岛、福建九龙江、广西高坡和广西山口4个地区种群的叶片单位质量建成成本没有显著性差异, 苦槛蓝相对较低的单位面积叶氮含量在一定程度上表明其耐盐性不强; 4) 在繁殖特性上, 苦槛蓝具有双花期现象, 采用不同的扦插条件进行繁育试验发现苦槛蓝生根大约需8~10d, 由于其90.0%的果实具有虫害现象, 其种子的繁殖成功率受到较大限制。
Myoporum bontioides (Sieb. et Zucc.) A. Gray, an evergreen shrub growing in the tropical and sub- tropical coastal high tide line, usually appears in the mangrove bund near the land, which is listed as a semi-mangrove plant. M. bontioides not only has high ornamental value but also has good ecological function of windbreak, sand-fixation and dike dam. SoM. bontioides plays an important role in the restoration of coastal ecological environment. This research mainly focused on the wild populations, soils characteristics, leaf characteristics, and reproductive characteristics of M. bontioides, and on their the ecological and biological characteristic. Based on the analysis of their population and soil characteristics, we found that M. bontioides belongs to a single-dominant species communities. The population distribution had good correlations with organic matter content and soil electrical conductivity, and poor correlations with pH and salinity. On morphological characteristics, the upper and lower epidermis of M. bontioides have porosity and salt gland, which reveals that M. bontioides is a secrete salt plant. Based on the blade feature analysis of leaf area, specific leaf area, mass-based leaf carbon concentration, mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration, area-based leaf nitrogen content as well as leaf development cost, we found that the Gaoqiao population of Guangdong has the highest mass-based leaf development cost followed by Zhangpu population of Fujian, and the lowest is Quanzhou population of Fujian, mass-based leaf development cost of Zhejiang Ximen Island, Fujian Jiulongjiang Estuary, Guangxi Gaopo and Guangxi Shankou showed no significant difference. The relative low area-based leaf nitrogen content of M. bontioides, partly indicated that salt resistance of M. bontioides is not strong. On reproductive characteristics, M. bontioides bloom twice every year. By different methods of cutting, we found that the propagation rooting of M. bontioides needs about 8-10 days. Since 90.0% of fruits of M. bontioides are destroyed by pests, the seed propagation is largely limited.
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