珠江口波浪要素特征分析
作者简介:尹毅(1978—), 男, 内蒙古根河市, 硕士, 从事资料处理分析及海浪数值模拟。E-mail:yinyi@scsio.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2016-10-18
要求修回日期: 2017-02-22
网络出版日期: 2017-07-26
Statistical analysis of wave characteristics in the Pearl River Estuary
Received date: 2016-10-18
Request revised date: 2017-02-22
Online published: 2017-07-26
Copyright
文章利用珠江口长达1年的实测海浪资料, 对珠江口海浪基本要素、大浪过程以及与热带气旋活动的关系进行统计分析, 选取强台风“韦森特”过程进行研究。结果表明: 珠江口波浪以0~2级波高为主, 出现频率达76%, 3级波高次之, 出现频率为22%; 平均波高的月变化幅度较大, 大浪多出现在夏、冬季, 与热带气旋活动和冷空气过程密切相关; 常浪向为SE向, 出现频率为29%, 强浪向为SSE向, 一般由热带气旋引起; 涌浪在秋、冬季出现频率较低; 在春、夏两季出现频率稍高。强台风“韦森特”期间, 最大浪高达3.93m, 台风浪经历了涌浪—混合浪—风浪—混合浪的过程, 波型变化与一般台风浪波型的演变规律较为一致。
尹毅 , 江丽芳 , 张志旭 , 于红兵 , 王海龙 . 珠江口波浪要素特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017 , 36(4) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.11978/2016099
Based on the one year wave data collected continually at the station of the Pearl River Estuary, statistical analysis of wave characteristics was conducted. The results show that the frequency of the wave height that was below 0.5 m was 76%. The month-to-month variation was quite notable. The bigger waves occurred mainly in summer and winter, which were closely related to tropical cyclones and cold air. The direction of higher frequency waves was SE, and the frequency reached 29%. The direction of strong wave was SSE, which was generally caused by tropical cyclones. During Typhoon Vicente, the wave height increased rapidly, with the maximum wave height reaching 3.93 m. The pattern of typhoon wave was in accordance with the general evolution of typhoon wave type.
Key words: Pearl River Estuary; Waverider; Wave parameters; Typhoon wave
Fig. 1 Location of the offshore wave buoy and the tracks of tropical cyclones图1 波浪观测站位置(a)及观测期间热带气旋路径(b) |
Tab. 1 The statistics of monthly-averaged significant wave height, significant wave period, maximum wave height, and period of the highest wave表1 各月平均有效波高、平均有效波周期、最大波高和对应的波周期 |
海浪要素 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 年平均 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均有效波高/m | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.41 |
平均有效波周期/s | 4.8 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
最大波高/m | 2.04 | 3.93 | 3.21 | 1.61 | 1.92 | 2.29 | 3.04 | 1.86 | 2.06 | 1.95 | 1.92 | 1.57 | 2.28 |
对应波周期/s | 10.0 | 4.6 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 5.4 |
Fig. 2 Time series of monthly-averaged significant wave height and maximum wave height from June 2012 to May 2013图2 2012年6月—2013年5月月平均有效波高和最大波高变化曲线 |
Tab. 2 Wave height and period of rough sea during tropical cyclones表2 大浪波高和周期以及其对应的热带气旋过程 |
月份 | 最大波高/m | 对应周期/s | 热带气旋 | 级别 | 气旋中心与观测点最近距离/km | 靠近测点日期 | 台风中心附近 最大风速/(m·s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012-07 | 3.93 | 4.6 | 韦森特(Vicente) | 强台风 | 90 | 23日23时 | 40 |
2012-08 | 3.21 | 8.7 | 启德(Kai-Tak) | 台风 | 300 | 16日22时 | 33 |
Fig. 3 Wave rose diagram in four seasons图 3 季节波浪玫瑰图 |
Fig. 4 Significant wave steepness distribution in four seasons图 4 各季节有效波陡分布图 |
Fig. 5 Time series of maximum wave height and corresponding period during July 2012图 5 2012 年7月1 日至31 日最大波高和最大波周期变化过程曲线图 |
Fig. 6 Time series of significant wave height and corresponding period during July 2012图 6 2012 年7月1 日至31 日有效波高和有效波周期变化过程曲线图 |
Fig. 7 Joint distribution of maximum wave height and corresponding period during July 2012. The solid contour is steep slop图7 2012 年7月最大波高与周期联合出现次数 图中数字为该统计区间内波高出现次数, 实线为等波陡线, 线上数字为波陡值 |
Fig. 8 Time history of the separated significant wave height of wind sea (circle) and swell (cross) during 23-25 July. The dotted line represents wave direction图8 台风“韦森特”发展期间有效波高及风浪与涌浪成分变化过程图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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