南海海底沉积物声学物理参数测定的温度和时间优化研究
作者简介:罗云(1992—), 男, 河南省信阳市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事海底沉积物声学研究。E-mail: luoyun@scsio.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2017-11-12
要求修回日期: 2017-12-18
网络出版日期: 2018-07-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41376057、41676056);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAB14B01)
Optimization of temperature and time of acoustic physics parameters of seafloor sediment in the South China Sea
Received date: 2017-11-12
Request revised date: 2017-12-18
Online published: 2018-07-16
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation (41376057, 41676056);National Science and Technology Support Program (2014BAB14B01)
Copyright
海洋沉积物含水率、密度和孔隙度等物理参数是沉积物声学特性研究中的重要指标。由于南海沉积物类型多样、成分复杂, 特别是深海沉积物样品珍贵, 需精确测定沉积物声学及物理参数并无损害地保持沉积物化学性质。文章以黏土、粉砂和砂三种典型海底沉积物为研究对象, 使用环刀法和烘干法, 在不同温度条件下(60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃)测定和分析了这三种沉积物的含水率、密度、孔隙度随烘干时间的变化趋势及特征, 并进行了回归分析和综合研究。结果表明: 1) 对同类型沉积物, 温度越高, 完全失去孔隙水的时间越短, 且失水过程具有阶段性;2) 同一温度下, 三种典型沉积物完全失去孔隙水的时间为t砂<t粉砂<t黏土, 且不同时间段, 失去孔隙水的速率差异较大, 这主要与沉积物的颗粒大小、颗粒间的间隙大小以及烘干后期沉积物中所含的水分均已大部分流失有关;3) 建议声学沉积物样品的烘干温度以80℃左右为宜, 并给出三种沉积物完全烘干的参考时长和临界时间;4) 在温度为80℃时, 将临界时间处的物理参数带入经验方程进行声速预报是可行的。
罗云 , 侯正瑜 , 田雨杭 , 许安涛 , 陈忠 . 南海海底沉积物声学物理参数测定的温度和时间优化研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018 , 37(4) : 81 -88 . DOI: 10.11978/2017122
Physical parameters such as water content, density and porosity of marine sediments are important for studying acoustic characteristics of sediments. Due to the complex and variety of the marine sediments in the South China Sea and precious deep-sea sediment samples, it is necessary to accurately determine the physical parameters of these sediment samples and make sure no damage to their chemical properties. However, the current measuring methods cannot meet the demands. In this study, we determined and analyzed the changing trends and characteristics of the water content, density, porosity of the clay, silt, and sand in three typical sediments with the drying time under different temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120℃) by using circular knives method and dryer method. The results are as follows. 1) The higher the temperature, the shorter the time of the total loss of pore water, and the periodic characteristics of the water loss process for the same type of sediment. 2) The times of typical sediments completely lose the pore water are in the order of tsand<tsilt<tclay; and at different time periods, the rate of pore water loss is quite different, which is mainly related to the particle size, the gap between particles and the loss of moisture contained in sediments in the later stage of drying. 3) The drying temperature of 80℃ is advisable, if the sediments is also needed for further comprehensive utilization and analysis, and the reference time and critical time are calculated for the complete drying of the three sediments. 4) Physics parameter of the critical time generation into the experience equation for velocity prediction is feasible at 80℃.
Key words: South China Sea; marine sediment; physical parameter; temperature; time
Fig. 1 Sampling locations in the South China Sea图1 取样站位图 |
Fig. 2 Ternary diagrams for classification of the sediment图2 砂、粉砂、黏土端元类型投影图 |
Tab. 1 Determination of physical parameters of sediments表1 测定的沉积物物理参数 |
沉积物类型 | 湿密度/(g•cm-3) | 干密度/(g•cm-3) | 含水率/% | 比重 | 孔隙度 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
砂 | 本文 | 2.04 | 1.58 | 29.5 | 2.64 | 0.403 |
南海a | 1.68~2.02 | 1.12~1.64 | 19.3~54.8 | - | 0.362~0.800 | |
粉砂 | 本文 | 1.48 | 0.64 | 132.3 | 2.69 | 0.762 |
南海b | 1.33~1.67 | 0.55~1.02 | 61.4~156.0 | - | 0.607~0.868 | |
黏土 | 本文 | 1.41 | 0.52 | 170.1 | 2.72 | 0.808 |
南海 | - | - | - | - | - |
注: a表示文献数据来源于Chen et al, 1988; 潘国富, 2003; 卢博 等, 2005; 卢博 等, 2006b; 邹大鹏 等, 2007; 洪刚 等, 2011; 田雨杭, 2016; 田雨杭 等, 2016; b表示文献数据来源于潘国富, 2003; 卢博 等, 2006b; 邹大鹏 等, 2009、2012; Lu et al, 2010; Hou et al, 2015; 田雨杭 等, 2016; -表示数据缺省 |
Fig. 3 Temporal change of water loss of sand sediment under different temperatures图3 不同温度下, 砂沉积物失水率随烘干时间的变化 |
Fig. 4 Temporal change of water loss of silt sediment under different temperatures图4 不同温度下, 粉砂沉积物失水率随烘干时间的变化 |
Fig. 5 Temporal change of water loss of clay sediment under different temperatures图5 不同温度下, 黏土沉积物失水率随烘干时间的变化 |
Fig. 6 Temporal changes of water loss of three sediments under different temperatures图6 不同温度下, 三种沉积物失水率随时间的变化 |
Tab. 2 The sound velocity prediction deviation of critical time and total drying at 80℃表2 80℃下, 临界时间与完全烘干的声速预报偏差 |
沉积物 类型 | 失水率/% | 含水率 偏差/% | 孔隙度 偏差/% | 公式(1)偏差/% | 公式(2)偏差/% | 公式(3)偏差/% | 公式(4)偏差/% | 公式(5)偏差/% | 公式(6)偏差/% | 公式(7)偏差/% | 公式(8)偏差/% | 公式(9)偏差/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
砂 | 99.12 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.18 |
粉砂 | 99.29 | 2.34 | 0.55 | -1.74 | -0.02 | 0.07 | 0.00 | -0.02 | 0.04 | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.13 |
黏土 | 99.30 | -0.55 | -0.12 | 0.68 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.02 |
Tab. 3 The critical time of three types of sediments under four different experimental temperatures表3 三类沉积物在4种实验温度下的临界时间(单位: h) |
沉积物类型 | 120℃ | 100℃ | 80℃ | 60℃ |
---|---|---|---|---|
砂 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 18 |
粉砂 | 9 | 16 | 30 | 60 |
黏土 | 10 | 18 | 34 | 72 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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