南海IODP 349航次基底玄武岩中碳酸盐岩脉的岩石学特征*
作者简介:许佳锐(1993—), 男, 湖南省岳阳市人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为海洋地质。E-mail: xujiarui@gig.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2018-01-09
网络出版日期: 2018-12-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(91428102, 41876064);IODP中国349和367航次资助
Petrography of carbonate veins in basement basalts from the South China Sea Exp. 349
Received date: 2018-01-09
Online published: 2018-12-24
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (91428102, 41876064);IODP China funding for Exp. 349 and 367
Copyright
国际大洋发现计划(International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP)349航次在南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆残留扩张脊附近的U1431和U1433站位首次钻取基底玄武岩, 通过对16块基底玄武岩内的碳酸盐岩脉薄片镜下观察以及激光拉曼光谱分析, 揭示碳酸盐矿物为方解石和文石, 为典型的洋壳低温热液蚀变次生矿物。U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉为独立的方解石脉、文石脉交替出现; 而U1433站位则存在方解石脉、文石脉和方解石-文石共生脉三种情况。此外, U1431站位在基底~42.1m处出现了平行的方解石脉和文石脉, 揭示U1431存在不同来源热液的多期活动, 即可能存在多次或多阶段不同的热液注入。U1431和U1433站位的碳酸岩脉中, 文石的矿物集合体形状基本一致, 呈块状、纤维状和放射纤维状; 而方解石存在差异, U1431的方解石以斑块状、块状、粒状和纤维状出现, 而U1433的方解石仅出现块状。U1431站位的碳酸盐岩脉的丰度明显高于U1433站位。这些均揭示U1431站位的低温热液活动强, 而U1433站位则相对弱。两个站位的热液活动不同很可能是由于区域地质环境的差异造成——U1431附近的巨大海山为其提供了热液补给, 而U1433远离热液的补给/渗漏点。
许佳锐 , 陈毅凤 , 王宝云 . 南海IODP 349航次基底玄武岩中碳酸盐岩脉的岩石学特征*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018 , 37(6) : 63 -73 . DOI: 10.11978/2018007
The basaltic basement in the South China Sea was cored for the first time during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Exp 349. The basalt was collected from Sites U1431 and U1433 close to the fossil spreading ridge in East and Southwest Sub-basins, respectively. Carbonate veins (n=16) within the basalt were investigated under microscope and by the laser Raman spectra. At Site U1431, the carbonate veins consisted of calcite veins or aragonite veins, while at Site U1433 the carbonate veins are composed of either calcite veins, or aragonite veins, and calcite-aragonite mixed veins. Meanwhile, the calcite veins and aragonites alternated, and at ~42.1 m below basement, two calcite veins and one aragonite vein occurred parallel, likely indicating that multiple hydrothermal fluids of different sources have circulated there. At both sites, the textures of aragonite are generally the same-blocky, fibrous, and radiating fibers. However, it is not the case for calcite. At Site U1431, the calcite is clotted blocky, blocky, granule, and fibrous, while at Site U1433 the calcite only occur as blocks. The abundance of carbonate veins at Site U1431 is much higher than that at Site U1433. These suggest that the low-temperature hydrothermal circulation at Site U1431 is stronger than that at Site U1433. Different local geology and environment mostly lead to the differences in hydrothermal activity at these two sites: Site U1431 is close to a giant seamount that serves as a recharge site, while Site U1433 is far away from any recharge or discharge site.
Fig. 1 Map of Sites U1431 and U1433 in the South China Sea (IODP Exp. 349). Modified from Li et al (2015a)图1 南海IODP 349航次U1431和U1433站位图(改编自Li et al, 2015a) |
Fig. 2 Typical carbonate veins within basalt from Sites U1431 and U1433 in the South China Sea图2 南海U1431和U1433站位典型的基底碳酸盐岩脉 |
Fig. 3 Abundance of carbonate veins vs. depth: |
Fig. 4 Other minerals besides carbonate minerals in carbonate veins. |
Fig. 5 Different shapes and the Raman spectra of carbonate minerals in carbonate veins at Site U1431图5 U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉的不同集合体形状的碳酸盐矿物及对应的拉曼光谱 |
Tab. 1 Raman shifts of carbonate minerals from the South China Sea表1 南海碳酸盐岩脉的碳酸盐矿物拉曼位移 |
岩脉编号 | 深度/mbsf | 基底深度/m | 碳酸盐矿物结构 | 矿物相 | 晶格振动 | 内部振动 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平动 | 摆动 | 面内弯曲振动 | 对称伸缩振动 | 反对称伸缩振动* | 面外弯曲振动* | |||||||
U1431E- | 39R-1-W, 10-13 | 910.12 | 20.41 | 块状 | 文石 | 153 | 206 | 706 | 1086 | 1463 | / | |
41R-2-W, 43-47 | 925.38 | 35.67 | 斑块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 283 | 713 | 1088 | / | / | ||
粒状 | 方解石 | 154 | 282 | 713 | 1089 | / | / | |||||
41R-5-W, 21-23 | 928.67 | 38.96 | 纤维状/放射纤维状 | 文石 | 153 | 206 | 703 | 1085 | 1463 | / | ||
41R-5-W, 21-23 | 928.67 | 38.96 | 粒状 | 文石 | 153 | 206 | 704 | 1086 | / | / | ||
41R-7-W, 65-71 | 931.84 | 42.13 | 纤维状 | 方解石 | 155 | 282 | 713 | 1087 | / | 1749 | ||
纤维状/放射纤维状 | 文石 | 154 | 206 | 706 | 1085 | 1463 | / | |||||
块状 | 文石 | 153 | 207 | 706 | 1086 | / | / | |||||
42R-4-W, 31-35 | 937.66 | 47.95 | 块状 | 方解石 | 156 | 284 | 713 | 1088 | / | 1749 | ||
斑块状 | 方解石 | 153 | 282 | 712 | 1087 | / | 1749 | |||||
43R-2-W, 74-77 | 944.66 | 54.94 | 块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 283 | 713 | 1087 | / | / | ||
46R-3-W, 114-118 | 976.16 | 86.45 | 块状 | 方解石 | 154 | 283 | 713 | 1087 | 1438 | / | ||
47R-5-W, 5-9 | 987.22 | 97.51 | 块状/放射纤维状 | 文石 | 152 | 205 | 705 | 1084 | 1463 | / | ||
49R-2-W, 136-138 | 993.88 | 104.17 | 纤维状 | 方解石 | 155 | 282 | 713 | 1087 | 1438 | 1749 | ||
粒状 | 方解石 | 156 | 283 | 712 | 1088 | / | / | |||||
50R-3-W, 6-10 | 1003.80 | 114.09 | 纤维状 | 方解石 | 155 | 282 | 713 | 1087 | 1438 | 1749 | ||
U1433B- | 66R-1-W, 63-65 | 805.84 | 10.34 | 块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 282 | 713 | 1087 | / | 1749 | |
纤维状 | 文石 | 152 | 206 | 705 | 1084 | / | / | |||||
块状 | 文石 | 153 | 206 | 705 | 1084 | / | / | |||||
66R-4-W, 11-16 | 809.38 | 13.88 | 块状 | 文石 | 152 | 206 | 704 | 1084 | 1461 | / | ||
66R-4-W, 109-114 | 810.36 | 14.86 | 块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 281 | 712 | 1087 | 1437 | 1749 | ||
块状 | 文石 | 152 | 206 | 704 | 1084 | 1461 | / | |||||
纤维状/放射纤维状 | 文石 | 152 | 205 | 704 | 1084 | / | / | |||||
68R-1-W, 86-90 | 820.58 | 25.08 | 块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 283 | 713 | 1087 | / | / | ||
放射纤维状/块状 | 文石 | 152 | 206 | 705 | 1084 | / | / | |||||
75R-1-W, 120-122 | 854.91 | 59.41 | 块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 282 | 713 | 1087 | / | / | ||
75R-3-W, 31-34 | 856.13 | 60.63 | 块状 | 方解石 | 155 | 282 | 713 | 1087 | 1437 | 1749 |
注: *谱峰强度非常弱, 不易被检测到; “/”表示未检测到。 |
Fig. 6 Textures and the Raman spectra of calcite-aragonite co-precipitating veins at Site U143图6 U1433站位方解石-文石共生脉及对应的拉曼光谱 |
Fig. 7 Typical structures of carbonate veins. |
Fig. 8 Schematic illustration of the ridge-flank hydrothermal flow and circulation at Site U1431 close to the fossil ridge of the South China Sea. |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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