雷州半岛南部海滩对1720号台风(卡努)的响应研究
作者简介:朱士兵(1992—), 男, 河南省商丘市人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为海岸资源与环境。E-mail: 26585759@qq.com
收稿日期: 2018-03-06
要求修回日期: 2018-06-07
网络出版日期: 2019-01-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41676079)
广东海洋大学创新强校工程项目(Q18307)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA13010103))
Study on beach response to Typhoon Khanun (No. 1720) along southern Leizhou Peninsula
Received date: 2018-03-06
Request revised date: 2018-06-07
Online published: 2019-01-16
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41676079)
Project of Enhancing School With Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University (Q18307)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA13010103)
Copyright
海滩风暴响应的观测和研究有助于加深对海滩过程的认识。2017年10月16日台风“卡努”在广东徐闻县沿海登陆, 对雷州半岛南部海滩造成了显著影响。文章通过海滩剖面观测和沉积物采样, 探讨了该区域海滩对台风“卡努”的响应特征, 得出以下主要结论。1) 台风浪作用下, 海滩表层沉积物变粗, 分选性变差。海滩状态朝着更加消散的状态转化, 以缓冲和适应高强度波浪的能量。2) 受到岬角和湾口朝向、大小等因素影响, 各海滩及同一海滩的不同岸段剖面变化表现出差异性。台风作用后海滩可能形成水下沙坝, 或者在海滩上部形成滩肩等特征地形。因此, 研究海滩风暴响应时, 要注意到区域地质地貌的影响。3) 水下礁坪、巨型砂质岬角等因素影响了台风过程灯楼角海滩的变化。对这种海滩–珊瑚礁坪系统的风暴效应, 还需要进行进一步探讨和更详细的观测和研究。
朱士兵 , 李志强 . 雷州半岛南部海滩对1720号台风(卡努)的响应研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2019 , 38(1) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.11978/2018024
Observations and research on beach responses to storms help deepen our understanding of beach processes. Typhoon Khanun (No. 1720) made landfall in Xuwen, Guangdong on October 16, 2017. The typhoon caused significant impacts on the beaches along the southern Leizhou Peninsula. Based on the field profile survey and sediment sampling before and after the typhoon landfall, beach response characteristics are investigated in this study. The main results show the following. (1) Under extreme wave conditions, the surface sediment became coarser and the sorting was worse. Beach states transformed toward more dispersed states to buffer and adapt to the high intensity wave energy. (2) Beaches and different segments in the same beach had different responses. These differences were influenced by the headlands, bays’ orientations and sizes. Submarine bar or beach berm may occur on the beach profile. Attention should be paid to the roles of geological and geomorphologic factors when studying beach responses to storms. (3) Changes of the Dengloujiao Beach were influenced by the reef flat and the huge sandy headland. The beach response of beach-coral reef flat system to storm needs further study. More detailed observations and studies of beach responses to storms are needed in the future.
Key words: Leizhou Peninsula; typhoon; beach response; beach profile; morphodynamic state
Fig. 1 Typhoon path and study area (T1-T10 are profiles)图1 台风路径及研究区位置图(T1—T10为剖面位置) |
Tab. 1 Meteorological data during Typhoon Khanun表1 台风“卡努”经过琼州海峡时气象数据 |
时刻 | 中心位置 | 最大风速/(m·s-1) | 中心气压/hPa | 移动速度/(km·h-1) | 移动方向 | 7级风圈半径/km |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017-10-15T22:00 | 111.6°E, 20.6°N | 38 | 965 | 20 | W | 280 |
2017-10-15T23:00 | 111.4°E, 20.6°N | 35 | 970 | 20 | WWS | 200 |
2017-10-16T00:00 | 111.1°E, 20.6°N | 33 | 975 | 20 | WWS | 180 |
2017-10-16T01:00 | 110.9°E, 20.7°N | 30 | 980 | 20 | WWS | 180 |
2017-10-16T02:00 | 110.7°E, 20.7°N | 28 | 985 | 20 | W | 180 |
2017-10-16T03:00 | 110.5°E, 20.6°N | 28 | 985 | 20 | W | 180 |
2017-10-16T04:00 | 110.3°E, 20.6°N | 25 | 990 | 15 | WWS |
注: 数据来自中国天气台风网, http://typhoon.weather.com.cn。 |
Tab. 2 Wave heights in the Qiongzhou Strait during Typhoon Khanun. Units: m表2 台风“卡努”过境期间研究区域附近波高情况(单位: m) |
北部湾 | 琼州海峡 | 雷州半岛东部 | |
---|---|---|---|
2017-10-13 | 1.8~2.3 | 1.8~2.3 | 2.5~3.5 |
2017-10-14 | 2.0~2.5 | 2.0~2.5 | 3.0~4.0 |
2017-10-15 | 2.0~2.8 | 2.0~2.8 | 7.0~10.0 |
2017-10-16 | 5.0~7.0 | 5.0~7.0 | 7.0~10.0 |
2017-10-17 | 2.0~3.0 | 1.8~2.3 | 1.8~2.3 |
Fig. 2 Beach profiles before and after Typhoon Khanun. HTL: High tidal level; LTL: low tidal level图2 台风前后各海滩剖面变化 |
Tab. 3 Characteristic parameters of surface sediments before and after Typhoon Khanun表3 台风前后表层沉积物特征参数 |
剖面 | Md | QD | SK | MO | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
前 | 后 | ΔMd | 前 | 后 | ΔQD | 前 | 后 | ΔSK | 前 | 后 | ΔMO | |
T1 | 2.11 | 1.96 | -0.15 | 3.84 | 5.03 | +1.19 | -0.04 | -0.15 | -0.11 | 0.07 | 0.08 | +0.01 |
T2 | 1.99 | 2.18 | +0.19 | 2.55 | 6.30 | +3.75 | -0.12 | -0.37 | -0.25 | 0.08 | 0.25 | +0.17 |
T3 | 2.50 | 2.52 | +0.02 | 2.69 | 2.55 | -0.13 | -0.28 | -0.12 | +0.16 | 0.25 | 0.17 | -0.07 |
T4 | 2.51 | 2.52 | +0.01 | 2.37 | 2.41 | +0.04 | -0.14 | -0.06 | +0.08 | 0.21 | 0.12 | -0.09 |
T5 | 2.46 | 2.51 | +0.05 | 1.98 | 2.40 | +0.42 | -0.18 | -0.19 | -0.01 | 0.15 | 0.22 | +0.07 |
T6 | 2.52 | 2.57 | +0.05 | 4.30 | 2.39 | -1.91 | -0.34 | -0.20 | +0.13 | 0.26 | 0.17 | -0.09 |
T7 | 2.51 | 2.54 | +0.03 | 3.20 | 2.74 | -0.46 | -0.15 | -0.21 | -0.06 | 0.13 | 0.21 | +0.08 |
T8 | 2.58 | 2.50 | -0.07 | 3.44 | 3.00 | -0.44 | -0.18 | -0.09 | +0.09 | 0.18 | 0.11 | -0.07 |
T9 | 2.31 | 2.98 | +0.68 | 3.98 | 6.20 | +2.22 | -0.03 | -0.16 | -0.13 | 0.09 | 0.04 | -0.05 |
T10 | 2.71 | 3.02 | +0.31 | 3.31 | 7.25 | +3.94 | -0.24 | -0.15 | +0.09 | 0.19 | 0.06 | -0.12 |
Tab. 4 Beach states before and after Typhoon Khanun表4 台风前后海滩状态类型 |
剖 面 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | T9 | T10 | ||
台风前 | Ω | 1.53 | 0.39 | 3.78 | 4.78 | 6.24 | 25.41 | 25.42 | 20.26 | 11.76 | 22.38 |
海滩状态 | 过渡 | 反射 | 过渡 | 过渡 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | |
台风后 | Ω | 2.3 | 3.43 | 19.46 | 20.68 | 20.36 | 34.93 | 27.24 | 27.04 | 28.64 | 32.69 |
海滩状态 | 过渡 | 过渡 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 | 消散 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
海南省地方志办公室, 2006. 海南省志: 海洋志, 革命根据地志[M]. 海口: 南海出版公司: 14-17 (in Chinese)
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
中华人民共和国水利水电部, 1975. 水文测量规范规定[S].北京: 水利水电出版社: 43-60 (in Chinese).
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
/
〈 | 〉 |