褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学观察
作者简介:杨佳喆(1993—), 汉族, 男, 浙江省嘉兴市人, 研究生, 研究方向是海水鱼类健康养殖。Email: 1611091837@nbu.edu.cn
收稿日期: 2018-07-17
要求修回日期: 2018-11-01
网络出版日期: 2019-04-15
基金资助
浙江省“十三五”优势专业建设项目(宁波大学水产养殖专业)
浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(2017C32015)
Histological studies on development of the digestive system in larval and juvenile Sebastiscus marmoratus
Received date: 2018-07-17
Request revised date: 2018-11-01
Online published: 2019-04-15
Supported by
Zhejiang “13th Five-Year” Advantage Professional Construction Project (Aquaculture Major of Ningbo University)
Public Technology Application Research Projects of Zhejiang Province (2017C32015)
Copyright
为探究卵胎生鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)的仔、稚鱼消化系统组织学特点, 采用常规组织切片技术, 并用HE染色和组织化学染色, 比较分析了产出后0~50d的褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学变化。结果显示: 褐菖鲉初产仔鱼已分化出口咽腔, 并具有初始的食道、胃、肠、肝脏和胰脏; 2日仔鱼肛门与外界相通, 食道扩大, 开始摄食, 进入混合性营养期; 3~4日仔鱼幽门盲囊出现, 食道内壁出现黏膜皱褶5~6个, 胃黏膜皱褶5个, 肝细胞团区域扩大; 5~6日仔鱼卵黄囊和油球耗尽, 进入外源性营养期, 食道黏膜上皮出现杯状细胞, 肠道弯曲, 可区分前中肠和后肠两部分; 10~14日仔鱼食道环肌层明显, 黏膜皱褶增加到7~12个, 胃壁四层结构基本形成, 肠道黏膜皱褶加深, 纹状缘清晰可见, 肝细胞分裂迅速, 数量显著增加, 体积增大, 出现肝血窦和胰岛; 28~30日稚鱼出现胃腺和胃小凹, 已具功能性胃, 标志着稚鱼期的开始, 此时胰岛细胞数量和酶原颗粒增多, 消化能力显著提高; 47~50日稚鱼已基本具有成鱼胃的特征, 肠道纹状缘发达, 肝细胞呈多边形, 细胞内含大量脂肪颗粒, 消化系统从结构和功能上已趋于完善。由此可见, 褐菖鲉仔鱼和稚鱼消化系统的发育具有卵胎生鱼类发育较早的特点, 与其消化功能的完善密切相关。
杨佳喆 , 齐闯 , 徐善良 . 褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学观察[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2019 , 38(2) : 58 -66 . DOI: 10.11978/2018071
Sebastiscus marmoratus as a marine economical teleost, research on the development of the larvae and juveniles of this species become important. In this study, the developmental characteristics of digestive system in S. marmoratus from 0 to 50 days post-parturition (dpp) were described by the method of tissue sectioning technique, HE (hematoxylin-eosin) staining and histochemical staining. The results showed that the initial digestive system appeared to have a differentiated buccopharyngeal cavity after parturition. At 2 dpp, the larvae began feeding, and the digestive tube opened to the outside initially, and the larvae entered the endo-exotrophic period. The pyloric caeca appeared at 3-4 dpp, while 5~6 mucosal folds appeared in esophagus, and five mucosal folds appeared in stomach and hepatic cell mass grew. At 5-6 dpp, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, meaning the larvae began getting into exotrophic period Ⅰ (without a functional stomach). Meanwhile, goblet cells were observed in esophagus, and intestine can be divided into promesenteron and hindgut. At 10-14 dpp, circular layers of striated muscle were obviously observed and 7-12 mucosal folds appeared in esophagus; stomach had a basic structure, brush border became clear and there were a few hepatic sinusoids in a bigger liver, which was good for the digestion and absorption of exogenous food. At 28-30 dpp, the gastric glands and gastric pits appeared, which was the signs of the juvenile stage. With the increase of the number of islet cells and zymogen granules, the digestion was greatly improved. At 47-50 dpp, the digestive system gradually improved as a functional and structural one, which resembled that of adults. These results showed that the development of the digestive system in S. marmoratus started early like other ovoviviparous teleosts and was relative with the improving function of its digestion.
Key words: Sebastiscus marmoratus; larva and juvenile; digestive system; histology
Fig. 1 Histological observation of the development of buccopharyngeal cavity and esophagus of larva and juvenile of S. marmoratus.(a) longitudinal section of digestive tract of larva; (b) longitudinal section of buccopharyngeal cavity of 2 dpp larva; (c) longitudinal section of buccopharyngeal cavity of 3 dpp larva; (d) longitudinal section of esophagus of 4 dpp larva; (e) longitudinal section of goblet cells in esophagus of 10 dpp larva; (f) transverse section of circular layers of striated muscle and mucosal folds in esophagus of 21 dpp larva; (g) longitudinal section of esophagus and stomach of 28 dpp juvenile; (h) transverse section of esophagus of 39 dpp juvenile. B: Buccopharyngeal cavity; BV: buccopharyngeal valve; CSM: circular layers of striated muscle; E: eye; ES: esophagus; G: gill; GC: goblet cell; GG: gastric gland; H: heart; IV: interlobular vains; L: liver; M: mucosa; MC: mucus cell; MF: mucosal fold; MS: muscle layer; S: serosa; SCE: simple columnar epithelium; SM: submucosa; ST: stomach; YS: yolk sac 图1 褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼口咽腔和食道发育的组织结构 a. 初产仔鱼消化道整体结构纵切面; b. 2日仔鱼口咽腔整体结构纵切面; c. 3日仔鱼口咽腔结构纵切面; d. 4日仔鱼食道整体结构纵切面; e. 10日仔鱼食道的杯状细胞纵切面; f. 21日仔鱼食道的环层肌和黏膜皱褶横切面; g. 28日稚鱼食道和胃纵切面; h. 39日稚鱼食道横切面。B: 口咽腔; BV: 口咽瓣; CSM: 环肌层; E: 眼; ES: 食道; G: 鳃; GC: 杯状细胞; GG: 胃腺; H: 心脏; IV: 小叶间静脉; L: 肝; M: 黏膜; MC: 黏液细胞; MF: 黏膜褶; MS: 肌肉层; S: 浆膜层; SCE: 单层立方上皮; SM: 黏膜下层; ST: 胃; YS: 卵黄囊 |
Fig. 2 Histological observation of the development of stomach and intestine of larva and juvenile of S. marmoratus.(a) transverse section of brush border in intestine of larva; (b) longitudinal section of liver and stomach of 3 dpp larva; (c) transverse section of pyloric caecum of 4 dpp larva; (d) longitudinal section of intestine of 8 dpp larva; (e) transverse section of stomach of 10 dpp larva; (f) transverse section of cavitation in intestinal epithelium of 10 dpp larva; (g) transverse section of foregut, hindgut and midgutof 13 dpp larva; (h) transverse section of stomach of 23 dpp larva; (i) transverse section of intestine of 28 dpp juvenile; (j) transverse section of stomach of 39 dpp juvenile; (k) transverse section of stomach of 47 dpp juvenile; (l) transverse section of intestine of 47 dpp juvenile; (m) longitudinal section of stomach of 30 dpp juvenile by Mercury Bromophenol blue method. B: Buccopharyngeal cavity; BB: brush border; CA: cavitation; CV: central vein; ES: esophagus; FO: foregut; GC: goblet cell; GP: gastric pit; HI: hindgut; I: intestine; L: liver; M: mucosa; MF: mucosal fold; MI: midgut; MS: muscle layer; P: pancreas; PC: pyloric caecum; S: serosa; SM: submucosa; SMF: Secondary mucosal fold; VC: vertebral column; YS: yolk sac 图2 褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼胃和肠发育的组织结构 a. 初产仔鱼肠纹状缘结构横切面; b. 3日仔鱼肝和胃纵切面; c. 4日仔鱼幽门盲囊横切面; d. 8日仔鱼肠道整体结构纵切面; e. 10日仔鱼胃整体结构横切面; f. 10日仔鱼肠上皮细胞空泡结构横切面; g. 13日仔鱼前肠、中肠、后肠横切面; h. 23日仔鱼胃整体结构横切面; i. 28日稚鱼肠整体结构横切面; j. 39日稚鱼胃整体结构横切面; k. 47日稚鱼胃整体结构横切面; l. 47日稚鱼肠道整体结构横切面; m. 30日稚鱼整体纵切面, 汞-溴酚蓝染色。B: 口咽腔; BB: 纹状缘; CA: 空泡; CV: 中央静脉; ES: 食道; FO: 前肠; GC: 杯状细胞; GP: 胃小凹; HI: 后肠; I: 肠; L: 肝; M: 黏膜; MF: 黏膜褶; MI: 中肠; MS: 肌肉层; P: 胰; PC: 幽门盲囊; S: 浆膜层; S: 浆膜层; SM: 黏膜下层; SMF: 次级黏膜褶; VC: 脊椎; YS: 卵黄囊 |
Fig. 3 Histological observation of the development of liver and pancreas of larva and juvenile of S. marmoratus.(a) longitudinal section of digestive gland of larva; (b) longitudinal section of liver and pancreas of 3 dpp larva; (c) longitudinal section of pancreas of 13 dpp larva; (d) transverse section of liver of 14 dpp larva; (e) transverse section of pancreas of 20 dpp larva; (f) longitudinal section of liver of 47 dpp juvenile; (g) transverse section of pancreas of 50 dpp juvenile; (h) longitudinal section of liver of 23 dpp larva by Mercury Bromophenol blue method. B: Buccopharyngeal cavity; BC: blood cell; CV: central vein; E: eye; ES: esophagus; G: gill; HC: hepatic cell; HCC: hepatic cell cords; HS: hepatic sinusoid; I: intestine; IV: interlobular vains; L: liver; P: pancreas; PD: pancreatic duct; PI: pancreatic island; ST: stomach; V: vacuolar structure (liver); VC: vertebral column; YS: yolk sac 图3 褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼肝脏和胰脏发育的组织结构 a. 初产仔鱼消化腺整体结构纵切面; b. 10日仔鱼肝脏和胰脏整体结构纵切面; c. 13日仔鱼胰脏整体结构纵切面; d. 14日仔鱼肝脏横切面; e. 20日仔鱼胰脏横切面; f. 47日稚鱼肝脏整体结构纵切面; g. 50日稚鱼胰脏整体结构横切面; h. 23日仔鱼整体纵切面, 汞-溴酚蓝染色。B: 口咽腔; BC: 血细胞; CV: 中央静脉; E: 眼; ES: 食道; G: 鳃; HC: 肝细胞; HCC: 肝细胞索; HS: 肝血窦; I: 肠; IV: 小叶间静脉; L: 肝; P: 胰脏; PD: 胰管; PI: 胰岛; ST: 胃; V: 空泡结构(肝); VC: 脊椎; YS: 卵黄囊 |
Tab. 1 Division of early development stages of digestive system in some teleosts with or without stomach表1 几种有胃及无胃硬骨鱼类的消化系统早期发育时期划分 |
种类 | 发育时期划分 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
培育水温/℃ | 内源性 营养期/d | 混合 营养期/d | 外源性 营养期Ⅰ/d | 外源性 营养期Ⅱ/d | ||
有胃硬骨鱼 | 褐菖鲉(本研究) | 15.0~17.0 | 0~1 | 2~5 | 6~27 | 28 |
卵形鲳鲹(区又君 等, 2011) | 23.0~28.0 | 0~2 | 3~5 | 6~17 | 18 | |
大黄鱼(徐晓津 等, 2010) | 25.6~29.4 | 0~3 | 4~5 | 6~18 | 19 | |
大西洋白姑鱼(Solovyev et al, 2016) | 18.0 | 0~1 | 2~4 | 5~25 | 26 | |
鲇(Silurus asotus)(蒲红宇 等, 2004) | 24.0~25.0 | 0~3 | 4~6 | 7~10 | 11 | |
哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)(张永泉 等, 2010) | 3.0~14.0 | 0~10 | 11~18 | 19~30 | 31 | |
无胃硬骨鱼 | 普安银鲫(Carassius auratus)(姚俊杰 等, 2013) | 22.5~27.5 | 0~2 | 3~4 | 5 | |
草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)(阮国良 等, 2012) | 26.0~28.0 | 0~3 | 4~5 | 6 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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