北印度洋海底冷泉流体活动研究进展

doi:10.11978/2016120

热带海洋学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 82-89.doi: 10.11978/2016120CSTR: 32234.14.2016120

所属专题：海上丝绸之路专题

北印度洋海底冷泉流体活动研究进展

王旭东^1,³(), 黄慧文^1,³, 孙跃东^1,³, 李牛¹, 胡钰², 冯东^1,⁴()

1. 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
2. 上海深渊科学技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4. 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;

收稿日期:2016-11-18 修回日期:2017-01-16 出版日期:2017-11-30 发布日期:2018-01-18
作者简介:
作者简介：王旭东(1992#cod#x02014;), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事海洋沉积地球化学方向研究。E-mail: xdwang@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委员会项目(41422602、41773091);中国科学院百人计划项目;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室开放基金项目(QNLM2016ORP0204)

Recent progress on submarine cold seep activity of the northern Indian Ocean

Xudong WANG^1,³(), Huiwen HUANG^1,³, Yuedong SUN^1,³, Niu LI¹, Yu HU², Dong FENG^1,⁴()

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China

Received:2016-11-18 Revised:2017-01-16 Online:2017-11-30 Published:2018-01-18
About author:
Author:QIU Chunhua.E-mail: qiuchh3@mail. sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41422602, 41773091);#cod#x0201c;Hundred Talents Program#cod#x0201d; of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Foundation of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM2016ORP0204)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冷泉是继洋中脊热液之后, 在海底发现的又一种流体渗漏类型, 是20世纪80年代以来海洋地质领域最引人注目的发现之一。北印度洋欧亚大陆边缘构造活跃, 印度东西两侧发育巨厚沉积层, 极易孕育冷泉活动。目前, 已在莫克兰和孟加拉湾地区海底观测到多处活动冷泉, 对它们的研究为深入了解海底冷泉流体活动的资源环境效应打开了新的窗口。文章以北印度洋典型冷泉区#cod#x02014;#cod#x02014;莫克兰和孟加拉湾地区为例, 综述了该区海底冷泉流体来源、相关沉积环境和触发机制, 着重阐述了: 1)莫克兰地区最小含氧带内外冷泉活动的沉积记录和地震触发冷泉的机制及环境响应; 2)孟加拉湾地区海底天然气水合物分解在碳酸盐岩中的记录。进一步指出了北印度洋海底冷泉活动研究中遇到的挑战和未来工作中需给予重视的科学问题。

关键词: 北印度洋, 冷泉活动, 地质记录, 莫克兰, 孟加拉湾

Abstract:

The discovery of cold hydrocarbon seeps has been one of the most important achievements of marine geology besides hydrothermal vents during the last half century. Gravitational and tectonic forces are common in the northern Indian Ocean, which results in methane seepages on the seafloor. Recent studies of cold hydrocarbon seeps from Makran and Bay of Bengal areas have made important progresses and these findings have opened a window for understanding the resource and environmental issues of submarine cold seeps. An overview about the present knowledge of the northern Indian Ocean is provided, which concentrates on 1) sedimentary records of the cold seep activities in the Makran area both inside and outside of the oxygen minimum zone and the cold seep activity triggered by earthquake activity, and 2) the dissociation of gas hydrate in the Bay of Bengal that recorded in the carbonate rocks. Furthermore, challenges of seep research in the northern Indian Ocean and scientific problems in the future are discussed.

Key words: Northern Indian Ocean, cold seep activity, geological records, Makran, Bay of Bengal

中图分类号:

P744.1

王旭东, 黄慧文, 孙跃东, 李牛, 胡钰, 冯东. 北印度洋海底冷泉流体活动研究进展[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(6): 82-89.

Xudong WANG, Huiwen HUANG, Yuedong SUN, Niu LI, Yu HU, Dong FENG. Recent progress on submarine cold seep activity of the northern Indian Ocean[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(6): 82-89.

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海域	北纬	东经	水深/m	简要介绍	参考文献
莫克兰	24#cod#x000b0;38#cod#x02032;33″	62#cod#x000b0;44#cod#x02032;15″	1656	活动冷泉, 海底出露冷泉碳酸盐岩和管状蠕虫、贻贝等生物群落	Himmler et al, 2010, 2015
莫克兰	24#cod#x000b0;11#cod#x02032;46″	62#cod#x000b0;44#cod#x02032;19″	2861	活动冷泉, 发育甲烷气泡, 近海底有化能自养底栖生物, 海底1.6m以下发育天然气水合物	Fischer et al, 2012
孟加拉湾	15#cod#x000b0;51#cod#x02032;52″	81#cod#x000b0;50#cod#x02032;04″	1033	不活动冷泉, 海底出露冷泉碳酸盐岩结核和小烟囱, 也发现冷泉生物Calyptogena sp.化石	Mazumdar et al, 2009;
	16#cod#x000b0;31#cod#x02032;17″	82#cod#x000b0;40#cod#x02032;51″	1285	不活动冷泉, 沉积物中发育冷泉碳酸盐岩	Teichert et al, 2014
	15#cod#x000b0;51#cod#x02032;52″	81#cod#x000b0;50#cod#x02032;04″	1038
	15#cod#x000b0;51#cod#x02032;38″	81#cod#x000b0;50#cod#x02032;14″	1046
马尔代夫	0#cod#x000b0;~7#cod#x000b0;	72#cod#x000b0;30#cod#x02032;~74#cod#x000b0;	#cod#x02014;	麻坑区, 海底发育一系列拱顶和直径达3000m, 深度达180m的麻坑	Betzler et al, 2011
红海	22#cod#x000b0;17#cod#x02032;18″	38#cod#x000b0;53#cod#x02032;48″	840~850	活动冷泉, 发育有冷泉生物的卤水渗漏	Batang et al, 2012
苏门答腊	2#cod#x000b0;33#cod#x02032;46″~2#cod#x000b0;33#cod#x02032;50″	96#cod#x000b0;45#cod#x02032;24″~96#cod#x000b0;45#cod#x02032;26″	1130	活动冷泉, 海底出露碳酸盐岩、管状蠕虫和细菌席等	Siegert et al, 2011

北印度洋海底冷泉流体活动研究进展

Recent progress on submarine cold seep activity of the northern Indian Ocean

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