应用压力-状态-响应模型评价象山港富营养化水平

doi:10.11978/2017078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

象山港因其特殊的地理环境及功能特性, 富营养化问题突出, 以往以营养盐为指标的评价不能有效反映象山港的实际情况, 因此亟须对其富营养化水平开展客观、准确的评价和研究。文章利用2001年—2015年间象山港海域监测数据, 根据我国水体富营养化研究现状与评价标准, 结合象山港实际情况, 对部分指标进行改进, 构建了新的压力-状态-响应模型。应用该评价模型, 研究了象山港水体富营养化压力程度, 建立了以叶绿素a为初级症状指标, 以底层溶解氧和赤潮发生情况为次级症状指标的富营养化状态等级。同时, 结合象山港实施海域海岸带整治、五水共治、污染物总量控制及减排等因素预测了富营养化响应状况。结果显示, 在“优、良、中、差、劣”五个富营养化等级中, 象山港综合评价等级为中等富营养化程度。其中, 压力、状态、响应的评价等级均为中级。通过预测, 未来几年象山港富营养化综合评价等级也基本维持在中等水平。该评价结果较好地反映了象山港水体富营养化压力和症状水平, 其结论更符合实际, 有助于政府部门对海域富营养化进行科学和有针对性的管理。

关键词: 象山港, 压力-状态-响应, 富营养化, 预测

Abstract:

Due to its unique geographical position and marine functional zoning, Xiangshan Bay (XSB) has suffered severe eutrophication for many years. Nutrients-based indices have been widely used to assess eutrophication status; however, they cannot comprehensively reflect the true state, and the actual eutrophication status of the bay remains unclear. According to the assessment of eutrophication framework and with the consideration of practical situation in XSB, we modified the assessment framework and optimized partial indices to make the assessment method more suitable for XSB. Using this new assessment framework and field monitoring data from 2001 to 2015, we analyzed the eutrophication pressure and the grade of overall eutrophic conditions, including using chlorophyll as primary symptom and using dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer and red-tide occurrence as secondary symptoms, and predicted the eutrophication trend by taking into consideration of the coastal zone management policy for comprehensive water cleaning activities, and drainage control of total amount of pollutants. The results showed that the integrated eutrophic grade, the eutrophication pressure and the degree of eutrophication status and its response were all at moderate level, based on a scheme of five categories: Superior, Superior-Moderate, Moderate, Moderate-Poor, and Poor. Our results showed that the comprehensive assessment of eutrophication status would remain at the moderate level in next several years. The results reflect the overall degree of eutrophication in the Bay, which is more in accordance with reality. Thus, these results will be helpful for making better new regulations and management plans of eutrophication in XSB.

Key words: Xiangshan Bay, Pressure-Status-Response, eutrophication, forecast

中图分类号:

P735.12

徐国锋, 崔永平, 刘莲. 应用压力-状态-响应模型评价象山港富营养化水平[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018, 37(4): 52-60.

Guofeng XU, Yongping CUI, Lian LIU. Assessment of eutrophication status by using the Pressure-Status-Response Model in Xiangshan Bay, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(4): 52-60.

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序号	等级	压力范围	赋值
1	高	P>1.0	1
2	中高	0.8<P≤1.0	2
3	中	0.6<P≤0.8	3
4	中低	0.4<P≤0.6	4
5	低	P≤0.4	5

序号	质量浓度/(μg•L^-1)	出现频率/%	等级	赋值
1	>20	f>80	高	1
2		60<f≤80	中高	2
3		40<f≤60	中	3
4		20<f≤40	中低	4
5		f≤20	低	5
6	5<chl a≤20	f>80	中高	2
7		40<f≤80	中	3
8		f≤40	中低	4
9	≤5	f>60	中低	4
10	≤5	f≤60	低	5

序号	质量浓度/(mg•L^-1)	出现频率/%	等级	赋值
1	≤2	f>80	高	1
2		60<f≤80	中高	2
3		40<f≤60	中	3
4		20<f≤40	中低	4
5		f≤20	低	5
6	2<DO≤5	f>80	中高	2
7		40<f≤80	中	3
8		f≤40	中低	4
9	>5	—	低	5

序号	持续时间	出现频率	等级	赋值
1	持续1月以上	周期性	高	1
2	持续2月以上	偶发性	高	1
3	持续1月之内	周期性	中高	2
4	持续2月之内	偶发性	中高	2
5	持续2周之内	周期性	中	3
6	累计1月之内	偶发性	中	3
7	持续1周之内	周期性	中低	4
8	累计2周之内	偶发性	中低	4
9	持续3天之内	周期性	低	5
10	累计1周之内	偶发性	低	5

序号	等级	变化趋势	赋值
1	高	高度恶化	1
2	中高	略有恶化	2
3	中	维持不变	3
4	中低	略有改善	4
5	低	显著改善	5