冲绳海槽中部8.2ka以来GDGTs组成及温度重建*

doi:10.11978/2019090

热带海洋学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 77-92.doi: 10.11978/2019090CSTR: 32234.14.2019090

冲绳海槽中部8.2ka以来GDGTs组成及温度重建*

刘磊^1,³(), 许兰芳¹, 管红香¹(), 孙治雷², 王利波², 茅晟懿¹, 刘丽华¹, 吴能友²

1.中国科学院天然气水合物研究重点实验室, 中国科学院广州能源研究所, 广东广州 510640
2.中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所, 山东青岛 266071
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-09-18 修回日期:2020-03-10 出版日期:2020-10-10 发布日期:2020-04-16
通讯作者: 管红香
作者简介:刘磊(1993—), 男, 安徽省淮南市人, 硕士研究生, 海洋地质专业。email: sc170130@mail.ustc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41473080);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室开放基金(QNLM2016ORP0210)

The source of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers and temperature reconstruction since 8.2 ka in the central Okinawa Trough

LIU Lei^1,³(), XU Lanfang¹, GUAN Hongxiang¹(), SUN Zhilei², WANG Libo², MAO Shengyi¹, LIU Lihua¹, WU Nengyou²

1. Key Lab of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-09-18 Revised:2020-03-10 Online:2020-10-10 Published:2020-04-16
Contact: GUAN Hongxiang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41473080);Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(QNLM2016ORP0210)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

异戊二烯类甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂类化合物(isoprenoid Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, isoGDGTs)在海洋奇古菌(Thaumarchaeota)中广泛存在, 其结构对温度变化的敏感性使其成为广受欢迎的古气候与古温度重建材料。在北冰洋和西太平洋气候以及黑潮等多种因素的影响下, 冲绳海槽中部成为研究全新世以来古海洋和古气候变化的天然实验室。本文通过研究C14柱状沉积物的GDGTs组成、含量变化特征及其延伸的86个碳原子的四醚指标(tetraether index of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbons, TEX^H₈₆), 分析冲绳海槽中部的GDGTs来源, 并定量计算C14柱状沉积物记录的海洋表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST), 从而探讨8.2ka以来冲绳海槽中部古温度变化的驱动机制。通过甲烷指数和支链/异戊二烯类指标等, 我们确认isoGDGTs主要来自于氨氧化古菌, 适用于古温度重建。距今8.2ka以来, TEX^H₈₆ SST的变化范围是21.6~27.2℃。冲绳海槽中部SST主要受到西热带太平洋、低纬度冬季日晒量的影响; TEX^H₈₆指标记录的温度上升趋势与东亚夏季风强度的减弱不一致。7.4—6.6ka冷事件广泛存在于冲绳海槽的SST记录中, 但只在TEX^H₈₆数据中显示较大幅度的降低(~5℃), 我们推测可能受到Kikai-Akahoya火山灰(~7.3ka)的影响。

关键词: 异戊二烯甘油二烷基甘油四醚类, TEX^H₈₆指标, 海洋表面温度, 冲绳海槽中部

Abstract:

The wide occurrence of isoprenoid glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) and its sensitivity to temperature in marine environments proved to be suitable for paleo-climate studies. The Okinawa Trough (OT), under the control of multiple climate patterns and various sediment origins, is a natural laboratory for paleo-climate study since the Holocene. Here, we studied isoGDGTs composition and characteristics, applied outspread tetraether index of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbons (TEX^H₈₆ index), tried to identify the source of isoGDGTs, and quantificationally discussed sea surface temperature (SST) of the central OT for the past 8.2 ka BP. By calculating the Methane Index and the branched isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) indexes, we found isoGDGTs mainly came from Thaumarchaeota, and are suitable for TEX^H₈₆ appliance. TEX^H₈₆ SST of column C14 revealed a range of 21.6-27.2 °C during 8.2 ka BP. Changes in SSTs of the central OT were primarily controlled by the western tropical Pacific Ocean and low-latitude winter insolation. The warming TEX^H₈₆ SSTs in the central OT were decoupled from the descending East Asian summer monsoon intensity in the last 8.2 ka BP. The widely recorded cold event at 7.4-6.6 ka BP was magnified in GDGTs related SST. We attributed it to the well-known Kikai-Akahoya tephra (~7.3 ka BP).

Key words: Isoprenoid glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs), TEX^H₈₆ proxy, sea surface temperature, the central Okinawa Trough

中图分类号:

P532

刘磊, 许兰芳, 管红香, 孙治雷, 王利波, 茅晟懿, 刘丽华, 吴能友. 冲绳海槽中部8.2ka以来GDGTs组成及温度重建*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2020, 39(6): 77-92.

LIU Lei, XU Lanfang, GUAN Hongxiang, SUN Zhilei, WANG Libo, MAO Shengyi, LIU Lihua, WU Nengyou. The source of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers and temperature reconstruction since 8.2 ka in the central Okinawa Trough[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(6): 77-92.

图/表 9

图1

表1

文中用到的指标的定义式"

指标定义*	合理范围	来源
$\text{TE}{{\text{X}}_{86}}=\frac{\text{( }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-3 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ Crenarchaeol regio isomer }\!\!]\!\!\text{ )}}{\text{( }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-1 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-3 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ Crenarchaeol regio isomer }\!\!]\!\!\text{ )}}$		Schouten et al, 2002
$\text{TEX}_{\text{86}}^{\text{H}}=\log (\text{TE}{{\text{X}}_{86}})$	>15℃	Kim et al, 2010
$\text{TEX}_{\text{86}}^{\text{L}}=\log \left( \frac{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }}{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-1 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-3 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }} \right)$	<15℃	Kim et al, 2010
$\text{BIT}=\frac{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-Ia }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-IIa }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-IIIa }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }}{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-Ia }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-IIa }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-IIIa }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ Crenarchaeol }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }}$	<0.4	Hopmans et al, 2004
$\text{MI}=\frac{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-1 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-3 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }}{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-1 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-3 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ Crenarchaeol }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ Crenarchaeol regio isomer }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }}$	<0.3	Zhang et al, 2011
$\text{ }\!\!%\!\!\text{ GDGT-2}=\frac{\text{GDGT-2}}{\text{ }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-1 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-2 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ GDGT-3 }\!\!]\!\!\text{ + }\!\![\!\!\text{ Crenarchaeol regio isomer }\!\!]\!\!\text{ }}$	<45	Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2012
[GDGT-0] / [Crenarchaeol]	<2	Blaga et al, 2009
[GDGT-2] / [Crenarchaeol]	<0.4	Weijers et al, 2011

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

图4

图5

图6

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Beta实验室编号	深度/(cm bsf)	平均深度/(cm bsf )	有孔虫种类	传统¹⁴C年龄/(a BP)	2σ校正年龄/(a BP)	平均校正年龄/(a BP)
498910	35~37.5^b	36.25	G.ruber, G.sacculifer	1100±30 ^a	616—730	673
498912	155~157.5^b	156.25	G.ruber, G.sacculifer	2330±30	1858—2045	1951.5
498914	365~367.5^b	366.25	G.ruber,,G.sacculifer	4790±30	4943—5227	5085
498915	455~457.5^c	456.25	G.ruber, G.sacculifer	6280±30	6831—6646	6738.5
498916	545~547.5^c	546.25	G.ruber, G.sacculifer	6940±30	7520—7385	7452.5
498917	575~577.5^c	576.25	G.ruber, G.sacculifer	7780±30	8170—8327	8248.5

冲绳海槽中部8.2ka以来GDGTs组成及温度重建*

The source of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers and temperature reconstruction since 8.2 ka in the central Okinawa Trough

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