珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的潮波传播特征*

doi:10.11978/2020076

热带海洋学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 1-13.doi: 10.11978/2020076CSTR: 32234.14.2020076

• 海洋水文学 • 下一篇

珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的潮波传播特征^*

谢梅芳^1,^2,^3,⁴(), 张萍^1,^2,^3,⁴, 杨昊^1,^2,^3,⁴, 傅林曦^1,^2,^3,⁴, 王恒^1,^2,^3,⁴, 蔡华阳^1,^2,^3,⁴(), 杨清书^1,^2,^3,⁴

1.中山大学海洋工程与技术学院, 中山大学河口海岸研究所, 广东广州 510275
2.河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 广东广州 510275
3.广东省海岸与岛礁工程技术研究中心, 广东广州 510275
4.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519000

收稿日期:2020-07-22 修回日期:2020-10-23 出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2020-10-25
通讯作者: 蔡华阳
作者简介:谢梅芳(1985—), 女, 广东省梅州市人, 硕士研究生, 河口海岸方向。email: xiemf7@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402600);国家自然科学基金项目(51979296);国家自然科学基金项目(41476073);广州市科技计划项目(202002030452)

Tidal wave propagation dynamics in Lingdingyang Bay-Humen outlet-tidal channel of the Pearl River

XIE Meifang^1,^2,^3,⁴(), ZHANG Ping^1,^2,^3,⁴, YANG Hao^1,^2,^3,⁴, FU Linxi^1,^2,^3,⁴, WANG Heng^1,^2,^3,⁴, CAI Huayang^1,^2,^3,⁴(), YANG Qingshu^1,^2,^3,⁴

1. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2. State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou 510275, China
4. Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China

Received:2020-07-22 Revised:2020-10-23 Online:2021-07-10 Published:2020-10-25
Contact: CAI Huayang
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0402600);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51979296);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41476073);Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202002030452)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”是珠江河口“网-湾”系统中的特殊地貌结构, 属潮优型河口, 潮波传播受河口湾地形辐聚效应、口门转换效应、潮汐通道辐散效应和底床摩擦等显著影响, 其时空变化复杂。本文根据珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的代表潮位站(赤湾、泗盛围和黄埔)1990—2016年逐日高、低潮位资料, 采用经典调和分析方法提取出主要天文分潮的调和常数, 通过计算获得了分潮振幅梯度及传播速度, 并在此基础上分析了伶仃洋河口湾(赤湾-泗盛围)、潮汐通道(泗盛围-黄埔)和总程(赤湾-泗盛围-黄埔)的潮波传播时空特征。结果表明: 全日分潮的振幅梯度和传播速度年均变化率均比半日分潮大, 其中K₁和O₁分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加9%和18%, 传播速度每年均增加1.4%; M₂和S₂分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加3%和6%, 传播速度每年均增加1%。人类活动导致地形异变, 进而驱动潮波亦发生突变, 伶仃洋河口湾和潮汐通道的M₂分潮传播速度突变年份不同, 分别为2009年和2000年。潮波传播速度突变后, 伶仃洋河口湾、潮汐通道两区段的传播速度和振幅梯度的关系也发生了变化。

关键词: 潮优型河口, 调和分析, 潮波传播速度, 振幅梯度, 突变

Abstract:

The Lingdingyang Bay-Humen outlet-tidal channel of the Pearl River is a typical geomorphic structure in the networks-bay system of the Pearl River Estuary. Tidal wave propagation in the channel is significantly influenced by the channel convergence in the estuary, the conversion effect at Humen outlet, the divergence of the tidal channel, and the riverbed friction. Thus, the spatio-temporal variation of the tidal regime is rather complex. Based on the daily high and low tidal levels from gauging stations along thetidal channel from 1990 to 2016, tidal amplitude gradient and wave celerity of different tidal constituents are computed using harmonic constants (i.e., tidal amplitude and phase of different tidal constituents) extracted from a standard harmonic analysis, and tidal wave propagation characteristics are investigated. The results show that the annual increase in amplitude and wave celerity gradients of the diurnal constituents (the amplitude gradients of K₁ and O₁ being 9% and 18%, respectively; both wave celerity being 1.4%) in Lingdingyang Bay were larger than those of the semi-diurnal tides (the amplitude gradients of M₂and S₂ being 3% and 6%, respectively; both the wave celerity being 1%). The tidal waves changed abruptly due to the substantial variation in morphology. The change-points of the tidal wave celerity in Lingdingyang Bay and tidal channel were in 2009 and 2000, respectively. The relationship between wave celerity and tidal amplitude gradient changed considerably after the abrupt change.

Key words: tide-dominated estuar, harmonic analysis, wave celerity, amplitude gradient, abrupt change

中图分类号:

P731.23

谢梅芳, 张萍, 杨昊, 傅林曦, 王恒, 蔡华阳, 杨清书. 珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的潮波传播特征^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(4): 1-13.

XIE Meifang, ZHANG Ping, YANG Hao, FU Linxi, WANG Heng, CAI Huayang, YANG Qingshu. Tidal wave propagation dynamics in Lingdingyang Bay-Humen outlet-tidal channel of the Pearl River[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(4): 1-13.

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站点名称	简称	潮位/m
站点名称	简称	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值
赤湾	CW	-0.19	0.80	2.32	-2.04
泗盛围	SSW	-0.02	0.91	2.64	-1.81
黄埔	HP	-0.02	0.92	2.70	-1.83

调和常数	分潮	赤湾					泗盛围					黄埔
调和常数	分潮	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	极差	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	极差	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	极差
振幅/m	M₂	0.57	0.02	0.60	0.52	0.08	0.69	0.03	0.77	0.66	0.11	0.71	0.03	0.78	0.66	0.12
	K₁	0.42	0.01	0.44	0.41	0.03	0.43	0.01	0.45	0.42	0.03	0.41	0.01	0.43	0.39	0.04
	O₁	0.34	0.01	0.35	0.32	0.03	0.34	0.01	0.35	0.32	0.03	0.32	0.01	0.34	0.30	0.04
	S₂	0.22	0.01	0.24	0.21	0.03	0.25	0.01	0.28	0.24	0.04	0.25	0.01	0.27	0.23	0.04
相位/°	M₂	-61	2	-55	-66	11	-1	5	8	-10	18	26	6	36	17	19
	K₁	-53	1	-50	-56	6	-23	4	-19	-30	11	-7	4	-1	-13	12
	O₁	-105	1	-102	-106	4	-75	4	-70	-82	12	-59	4	-53	-65	12
	S₂	-28	3	-22	-33	11	36	6	46	26	20	65	6	75	56	19

潮位站	分潮	振幅			相位
潮位站	分潮	年变化量/cm	Z值	p值	年变化量/°	Z值	p值
赤湾	M₂	-0.10	-1.67	0.09	-0.04	-0.42	0.68
	K₁	-0.04	-1.79	0.07	-0.03	-0.88	0.38
	O₁	-0.03	-0.92	0.36	-0.05	-2.25	0.02
	S₂	-0.04	-2.21	0.03	-0.10	-1.50	0.13
泗盛围	M₂	0.21	2.67	<0.01	-0.64	-6.59	<0.01
	K₁	0.07	3.17	<0.01	-0.44	-5.71	<0.01
	O₁	0.08	3.04	<0.01	-0.42	-5.96	<0.01
	S₂	0.11	4.25	<0.01	-0.72	-6.63	<0.01
黄埔	M₂	0.28	5.09	<0.01	-0.78	-6.67	<0.01
	K₁	0.05	1.58	0.11	-0.48	-6.21	<0.01
	O₁	0.05	1.67	0.09	-0.51	-6.00	<0.01
	S₂	0.12	5.38	<0.01	-0.79	-6.71	<0.01

区段	分潮	振幅梯度			传播速度
区段	分潮	年变化量/(×10^-8m^-1)	Z值	p值	年变化量/(m·s^-1)	Z值	p值
伶仃洋河口湾	M₂	8.46	5.59	<0.01	0.09	5.09	<0.01
	K₁	3.94	4.59	<0.01	0.11	5.59	<0.01
	O₁	4.57	3.88	<0.01	0.10	5.46	<0.01
	S₂	11.6	5.21	<0.01	0.08	4.92	<0.01
潮汐通道	M₂	2.92	1.63	0.10	0.03	3.46	<0.01
	K₁	-0.61	-0.38	0.71	0.02	2.29	0.02
	O₁	-0.81	-0.38	0.71	0.02	2.04	0.04
	S₂	2.10	0.63	0.53	0.02	1.63	0.10
总程	M₂	6.83	5.55	<0.01	0.07	5.71	<0.01
	K₁	2.90	3.04	<0.01	0.07	5.71	<0.01
	O₁	2.89	2.08	0.04	0.07	5.50	<0.01
	S₂	8.28	4.96	<0.01	0.06	5.13	<0.01

分潮	振幅梯度平均差值/(×10^-6m^-1)		传播速度平均差值/(m·s^-1)
分潮	2005年前	2005年后	2005年前	2005年后
M₂	2.04	3.24	0.46	1.30
K₁	1.95	2.56	1.33	2.82
O₁	1.72	2.72	1.48	2.85
S₂	2.36	3.81	0.21	1.25

珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的潮波传播特征^*

Tidal wave propagation dynamics in Lingdingyang Bay-Humen outlet-tidal channel of the Pearl River

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区段	分潮	特征值	平均值		标准差		最大值		最小值
区段	分潮	特征值	突变前	突变后	突变前	突变后	突变前	突变后	突变前	突变后
伶仃洋河口湾	M₂	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	3.09	4.20	0.58	0.33	4.54	4.79	2.43	3.68
	M₂	c/(m·s^-1)	7.49	8.86	0.43	0.30	8.31	9.25	6.82	8.41
	K₁	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	0.29	0.77	0.37	0.28	0.84	1.04	-0.35	0.27
	K₁	c/(m·s^-1)	7.59	9.43	0.44	0.48	8.44	10.03	7.01	8.66
	O₁	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	-0.13	0.56	0.54	0.32	0.58	0.98	-1.06	0.10
	O₁	c/(m·s^-1)	7.24	8.99	0.45	0.46	8.21	9.64	6.57	8.33
	S₂	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	1.55	3.07	0.69	0.69	2.44	3.98	0.35	2.04
	S₂	c/(m·s^-1)	7.31	8.58	0.39	0.44	7.98	9.22	6.80	8.00
潮汐通道	M₂	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	0.36	1.19	0.42	0.60	1.08	2.11	-0.26	0.16
	M₂	c/(m·s^-1)	6.69	7.33	0.15	0.42	6.93	8.11	6.46	6.37
	K₁	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	-1.93	-1.67	0.33	0.62	-1.44	-0.76	-2.48	-2.81
	K₁	c/(m·s^-1)	5.86	6.41	0.20	0.48	6.06	7.41	5.52	5.76
	O₁	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	-2.30	-1.90	0.37	0.78	-1.60	-0.77	-2.90	-3.35
	O₁	c/(m·s^-1)	5.30	5.97	0.19	0.51	5.55	7.19	5.03	5.17
	S₂	δ/(×10^-6m^-1)	-1.52	-0.61	0.33	0.82	-1.07	0.71	-2.12	-1.83
	S₂	c/(m·s^-1)	6.79	7.21	0.20	0.45	7.13	8.21	6.47	6.32

区段	年份	容积/(×10⁶m³)	表面积/(×10⁶m²)	平均水深/m	最大水深/m	宽深比
伶仃洋河口湾	1996	5434.22	1077.75	5.04	24.19	23.52
伶仃洋河口湾	2016	6100.34	966.82	6.31	24.57	18.71
潮汐通道	1996	1912.85	179.61	10.65	24.35	5.34
潮汐通道	2016	1888.34	174.50	10.82	25.91	5.22

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