中国台湾浅滩海砂砂体的地球物理特征及有利赋存标志*

doi:10.11978/2020108

热带海洋学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 101-110.doi: 10.11978/2020108cstr: 32234.14.2020108

中国台湾浅滩海砂砂体的地球物理特征及有利赋存标志^*

李勇航^1,²(), 贾磊¹, 倪玉根^1,³, 何健¹, 牟泽霖¹(), 温明明^1,³, 单晨晨¹

1.中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局, 广东广州 510760
2.中山大学海洋科学学院, 广东珠海 519082
3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458

收稿日期:2020-09-17 修回日期:2020-12-14 出版日期:2021-09-10 发布日期:2021-01-06
通讯作者: 牟泽霖
作者简介:李勇航(1987—), 男, 广东省清远市人, 硕士, 工程师, 从事海洋地质与地球物理调查研究。email: leo_hang@qq.com
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目(DD20201175);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0307402)

Geophysical characteristics and favorable occurrence signs of marine sand-gravel body in Taiwan banks^*

LI Yonghang^1,²(), JIA Lei¹, NI Yugen^1,³, HE Jian¹, MU Zelin¹(), WEN Mingming^1,³, SHAN Chenchen¹

1. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China
2. School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China

Received:2020-09-17 Revised:2020-12-14 Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-01-06
Contact: MU Zelin
Supported by:
Project of China Geological Survey(DD20201175);National Key Research and Development Project(2017YFC0307402)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探测查明海砂分布及其资源量, 对海洋矿产资源规划和社会经济发展有重要意义。利用在中国台湾浅滩采集的单波束测深、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、单道地震等多源地球物理数据, 识别出海底沙脊、沙波、埋藏古河道等有利于海砂赋存的地貌标志, 以及厚泥盖层等不利标志, 它们在平面上渐变交错分布。地球物理数据与表层沉积物、钻孔岩心结果对比, 证实浅地层剖面能有效识别表层砂体上部和排除厚泥盖层(厚度>10m), 表层砂体上部呈断续中弱振幅杂乱反射; 单道地震剖面能有效识别砂-泥地层界面, 垂向上刻画表层及埋藏砂体形态, 砂体最主要的特征为连续性差的弱振幅反射中夹杂空白、杂乱的“白雾”反射。砂体响应特征反映了砂体声学较难穿透的特性, 同时也可能是砂体含气所致。分析表明在砂体形态多变或钻孔分布密度低时, 利用地球物理方法, 结合一定数量的钻孔岩心约束, 相比仅依靠大量钻孔岩心, 可更为经济、高效地对砂体的垂向形态和平面展布进行精细刻画, 从而有利于更准确地估算海砂的资源量。

关键词: 海砂调查, 海洋集料, 资源量估算, 海底地貌, 浅地层剖面, 单道地震

Abstract:

An efficient and economical exploration of the distribution and resources of marine sand is of great significance to social and economic development and marine mineral resources planning. Multi-source geophysical data acquired in Taiwan banks, such as single beam sounding, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profile, and single-channel seismic, were used to identify the geomorphic signs favorable to the occurrence of marine sand and gravel, such as submarine sand ridges, sand waves, and buried ancient channels, and the signs unfavorable to the occurrence of marine sand, such as thick argillaceous overlying strata. These geomorphic signs alternate progressively on the plane. Comparison of geophysical data with surface sediments and borehole cores shows that the sub-bottom profile can effectively distinguish the upper surface sand-gravel body and thick argillaceous overlying strata (thickness > 10 m). The upper surface sand-gravel body on the sub-bottom profile shows discontinuous reflection with medium or weak amplitude. The single-channel seismic profile can effectively identify the sand-mud interface, and depict the shape of the surface and buried sand-gravel body vertically; and the main characteristic of the sand-gravel body on the single-channel seismic profile is weak amplitude reflection with poor continuity mixed with blank and disordered “white cloud” reflection. The seismic response characteristics of the sand-gravel body reflect that the sand-gravel body is difficult to penetrate, and may also be due to the gas contained in the sand-gravel body. Our analysis shows that when the shape of the sand-gravel body is changeable or the distribution density of boreholes is low, the use of geophysical method combined with a certain number of borehole core constraints, compared with relying on a large number of borehole cores only, can more economically and efficiently make a fine depiction of the vertical shape and plane distribution of sand-gravel body, which is conducive to more accurate estimates of sea sand resources.

Key words: marine sand survey, marine aggravate, estimate of resource, submarine geomorphology, sub-bottom profile, single-channel seismic

中图分类号:

P737.2

李勇航, 贾磊, 倪玉根, 何健, 牟泽霖, 温明明, 单晨晨. 中国台湾浅滩海砂砂体的地球物理特征及有利赋存标志^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(5): 101-110.

LI Yonghang, JIA Lei, NI Yugen, HE Jian, MU Zelin, WEN Mingming, SHAN Chenchen. Geophysical characteristics and favorable occurrence signs of marine sand-gravel body in Taiwan banks^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(5): 101-110.

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参数	单波束测深	侧扫声呐	浅地层剖面	单道地震
设备型号	DESO 35	EdgeTech 4200	SES2000 Medium 70	SIG 2Mille震源、 Geo-sense 48检波器缆
中心频率/kHz	210	455/110	6	0.6~1.4
量程/m	200	单侧100	50	海底以下300
声波发射率/(p·s^-1)	3	6	11	1 (能量1000J)
观测系统	船底安装	拖曳于船尾后约150m, 距底约15m	船舷安装	沉放约1.5m, 拖曳于右侧船尾后50m

地震层序单元		地震响应特征	指示沉积类型
U₁	U_1-1	连续性好、强振幅、低频平行层状反射	表层砂体上部
U₁	U_1-2	连续性差、弱振幅、夹杂空白或杂乱的反射	表层砂体下部
U₂		连续性好、强振幅、平行层状反射	泥质体
U₃		连续性差、弱振幅、夹杂空白或杂乱的反射	埋藏砂体
U₄		连续性好、强振幅、平行层状反射	泥质体

物探方法	指示砂体	有利赋存标志	地球物理特征
单波束测深	平面分布	海底沙脊	沙脊形态呈槽脊相间的波状起伏, 总体顺潮流方向呈条带状展布。沙脊上发育叠置大型沙波
侧扫声呐	平面分布	海底沙波、沙纹	沙波脊线两侧回波强度变化明显, 总体近垂直于潮流方向呈条带状展布, 波形不对称。沙波上发育叠置的小沙波、沙纹等微地貌。反映了沉积物供应充足
浅地层剖面	平面分布、表层砂体上部	无厚泥盖层	砂层穿透小于10m, 为断续的中弱振幅杂乱反射, 无明显层状反射, 指示浅部较厚的砂质底质, 利于砂体赋存。泥层穿透大于10m, 为连续性好的中强振幅高频层状反射, 成层性明显, 指示为泥质盖层, 不利于砂体赋存
单道地震	表层及埋藏砂体	埋藏古河道	埋藏古河道呈U型反射结构, 充填物呈杂乱反射, 利于砂体赋存。砂体出现“白雾”, 即连续性差的弱振幅反射中夹杂空白、杂乱的反射

中国台湾浅滩海砂砂体的地球物理特征及有利赋存标志^*

Geophysical characteristics and favorable occurrence signs of marine sand-gravel body in Taiwan banks^*

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中国台湾浅滩海砂砂体的地球物理特征及有利赋存标志*

Geophysical characteristics and favorable occurrence signs of marine sand-gravel body in Taiwan banks*

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中国台湾浅滩海砂砂体的地球物理特征及有利赋存标志^*

Geophysical characteristics and favorable occurrence signs of marine sand-gravel body in Taiwan banks^*