黄鹂无齿鲹的驯养及人工繁殖技术研究*

doi:10.11978/2024093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2017年至2023年对黄鹂无齿鲹野生群体进行驯养、催熟, 并对其人工繁殖技术进行了初步研究。自然成熟产卵的受精卵为透明、球形浮性卵, 卵黄囊有油球1个, 卵径(0.85 ± 0.04)mm, 油球径(0.23 ± 0.02)mm, 每克卵量(3197 ± 210)粒, 受精卵在水温(28 ± 0.5)℃、盐度30‰、pH 8.0~8.2、溶解氧6.05~7.13mg·L^-1的海水中, 胚胎历时17h17min完成胚胎发育, 其胚胎发育分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化期6个阶段。孵化的生态学总积温为483.84℃·h, 初孵仔鱼全长(2.01 ± 0.14)mm, 受精卵孵化率为94.95%; 在水温(29.5 ± 2.0)℃、盐度26‰~32‰、pH 7.8~9.0、溶解氧4.90~ 7.50mg∙L^-1的海水中, 完成了前期仔鱼、后期仔鱼、稚鱼期、幼鱼期共4个阶段培育, 从初孵仔鱼期至前期仔鱼期成活率为91.49%, 出膜后14日龄进入稚鱼期, 出膜后26日龄完成变态成为幼鱼, 出膜后45日龄幼鱼体色和形态已与成鱼基本一致, 全长(51.05 ± 4.81)mm。本研究完成了黄鹂无齿鲹的苗种培育, 总育苗成活率32.62%, 并可进行全人工繁殖。

关键词: 黄鹂无齿鲹, 驯养, 人工繁殖, 苗种培育

Abstract:

An artificially bred protocol, developed for wild Gnathanodon speciosus, also named as golden trevally, was presented in this study. The embryonic development and growth process of the fish was also introduced. The wild fish were domesticated from 2017 to 2023. The fertilized eggs laid by naturally matured fish were transparent and buoyant. Single oil globule ((0.23 ± 0.02) mm in diameter) was observed in the yolk sac of eggs ((0.85 ± 0.04) mm in diameter). The number of eggs per gram was (3197 ± 210). The embryonic development went through six stages: cleavage, blastocyst, gastrulation, neuroblast, organogenesis and hatching. The hatching of fertilized eggs took 17 h 17 min and the hatching rate was 94.95% in sea water (salinity 30‰, pH 8.0 ~ 8.2, DO 6.05 ~ 7.13 mg∙L^-1) at (18 ± 0.5) ℃. The ecological accumulated temperature was 483.84 ℃·h. The body length of newly hatched larvae were (2.01 ± 0.14) mm. The nurture of fish fingerlings went through four stages: early larval, late larval, juvenile and fingerling, and took 45 dph with a 32.62% survival rate in sea water (salinity 26‰~32‰, pH 7.8~9.0, DO 4.90~7.50 mg∙L^-1) at (29.5 ± 2.0)℃. The transformation from juvenile to fingerling fish was completed at 26 dph. At 45 dph of growth, the fingerling fish ((51.05 ± 4.81) mm in body length) were similar to adult fish in body shape and color. This study indicated that the golden trevally grew and spawned naturally in artificial bred condition and could be artificially reproduced.

Key words: Gnathanodon speciosus, domestication, artificial propagation, seedling production

中图分类号:

P735.2

施钢, 黄晓晴, 曾珍, 孙琛琛, 潘传豪. 黄鹂无齿鲹的驯养及人工繁殖技术研究^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(2): 115-123.

SHI Gang, HUANG Xiaoqing, ZENG Zhen, SUN Chenchen, PAN Chuanhao. Study on the domestication and artificial propagation technology of golden trevally, Gnathanodon speciosus^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(2): 115-123.

图/表 4

图1

表1

黄鹂无齿鲹胚胎发育过程"

发育时相	发育日龄	主要特征
胚盘隆起期	0h 18min	胚盘扩大隆起达到最大高度, 侧面观呈帽状(图1a)
2细胞期	0h 30min	第1次分裂, 胚盘形成2个对等细胞(图1b)
4细胞期	0h 45min	第2次分裂, 胚盘形成4个细胞(图1c)
8细胞期	0h 49min	第3次分裂, 形成8个形态大小略有差异的细胞(图1d)
16细胞期	1h 04min	第4次分裂, 形成16个细胞(图1e)
32细胞期	1h 17min	第5次分裂, 形成32个细胞(1f)
64细胞期	1h 27min	第6次分裂, 形成64个细胞, 细胞变小并开始重叠(图1g)
多细胞期	1h 42min	细胞持续分裂, 体积变小, 数量增多, 呈多细胞胚体(图1h)
桑葚期	1h 54min	持续分裂, 细胞变得更小, 细胞团与桑葚球相似(图1i)
高囊胚期	2h 17min	细胞集中且界限不明显, 胚盘隆起, 侧面观呈高帽状(图1j)
低囊胚期	2h 48min	胚盘逐渐降低, 胚盘边缘细胞向植物极下包(图1k)
原肠早期	4h 34min	胚盘边缘细胞增多并下包, 背面可见内卷形成的胚环(图1l)
原肠中期	6h 01min	胚层细胞下包达卵黄1/3以上, 胚环更明显, 形成胚盾雏形(图1m)
原肠晚期	6h 42min	胚层细胞下包达卵黄1/2~2/3, 胚盾明显延长(图1n)
胚体形成期	7h 05min	胚体背面增厚, 形成神经板, 胚体轮廓清晰(图1o)
胚孔封闭期	7h 50min	胚层下包完全, 胚孔封闭(图1p)
视囊形成期	8h 34min	胚体头部两侧出现突出的视囊, 中部有模糊的肌节2节(图1q)
肌节出现期	8h 54min	眼囊中央出现一凹陷, 视杯逐渐形成, 肌节3~4对(图1r)
听囊形成期	9h 36min	胚体在视囊后形成比视囊稍小的听囊1对, 肌节5~6对(图1s)
脑泡形成期	10h 14min	两视囊中间位置出现板状脑泡, 肌节7~8对(图1t)
心脏形成期	11h 05min	心脏、脊索轮廓清晰, 肌节10~13对(图1u、图1v)
尾芽期	12h 42min	胚体后端突出形成尾芽并与卵黄囊分离, 胚体鳍褶形成(图1w)
晶体形成期	13h 23min	视囊出现晶状体, 肌节18对以上(图1x)
心脏跳动期	14h 10min	心脏开始由慢至快自主搏动(图1y)
将孵期	16h 11min	胚体从偶尔到频繁抽动, 孵出前心跳频率每分钟70~80次(图1z)
孵化期	17h 17min	胚体破膜而出, 尾部不断摆动, 脱去卵膜(图1A)
初孵仔鱼	17h 17min	仔鱼(图1B)

表1

图2

图 3

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