华南大陆南缘南雄盆地古近系顶面地层剥蚀特征及其大地构造意义

doi:10.11978/2025005

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 125-139.doi: 10.11978/2025005CSTR: 32234.14.2025005

华南大陆南缘南雄盆地古近系顶面地层剥蚀特征及其大地构造意义

赵鹏¹^,²(), 施小斌¹(), 刘璐³, 谌永强¹, 任自强¹

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-01-05 修回日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-10-14
通讯作者: 施小斌
作者简介:
赵鹏(1994—), 男, 四川省万源市人, 博士研究生, 主要从事地热地质与盆地分析。email: zhaopeng@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42276074); 国家自然科学基金项目(41776078); 国家自然科学基金项目(42076075)

Erosion characteristics of the Paleogene top strata in the Nanxiong Basin, southern margin of the South China Block and its tectonic significance

ZHAO Peng¹^,²(), SHI Xiaobin¹(), LIU Lu³, SHEN Yongqiang¹, REN Ziqiang¹

1. Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 511458, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-01-05 Revised:2025-02-13 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: SHI Xiaobin
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276074); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776078); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076075)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 华南大陆南缘沿海广泛分布的新生代沉积盆地普遍发育古近系与第四系之间不整合面, 不整合面剥蚀量恢复可为重建华南大陆南缘完整的新生代构造演化历史提供重要依据。文章聚焦南雄盆地, 利用古温标镜质体反射率方法对盆地古城村组(顶界面年龄约56Ma)与上覆第四系之间不整合面的剥蚀量进行恢复, 并结合盆地周缘低温热年代学信息对隆升剥蚀的开始时间进行约束。结果显示, 南雄盆地古近系顶面剥蚀量约(2700±300)m, 隆升剥蚀的开始时间约为早渐新世, 并且一直持续到第四纪早期。分析表明, 南雄盆地古城村组沉积时期, 盆地断陷发育过程并未衰减, 而是持续到了早渐新世; 随后构造环境由伸展过渡为挤压, 盆地开始隆升剥蚀, 直至第四纪早期, 强烈的剥蚀作用使得盆地丢失了古新世末—早渐新世期间的断陷沉积记录。华南大陆南缘晚古近纪以来普遍的隆升剥蚀过程受印度−欧亚板块碰撞引起的东南挤压和太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下方俯冲影响, 隆升幅度具有从内陆往沿海地区逐渐减弱的趋势, 造成沿海隆升和近海沉降的差异演化现象。

关键词: 镜质体反射率, 剥蚀量恢复, 华南大陆南缘, 南雄盆地

Abstract:

The onshore Cenozoic basins of the southern margin of the South China Block (SCB) commonly exhibit an unconformity between the Paleogene and Quaternary systems. Restoration of the erosion at this unconformity provides critical constraints for reconstructing the complete Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the SCB. This study focuses on the Nanxiong Basin, employing vitrinite reflectance as a paleothermal indicator to restore the erosion thickness of the unconformity between the Guchengcun Formation (top age ~56 Ma) and overlying Quaternary strata. The onset time of erosion was constrained by integrating low-temperature thermochronology data from the basin periphery. Results show that the erosion thickness of Paleogene top strata is approximately (2700 ± 300) m in the Nanxiong Basin, with the erosion starting from the Early Oligocene and lasting until the Early Quaternary. This strong erosion caused the highly mature source rocks to be denudated to shallow burial depths. Analysis reveals that the basin faulting development did not end after the depositional period of Guchengcun Formation in Nanxiong Basin but continued until the early Oligocene. Subsequently, the tectonic environment changed from extension to compression, leading to basin uplift and erosion until the early Quaternary. This intense erosion removed the sedimentary record of the late Paleocene − early Oligocene. The erosion process of the southern margin of the SCB since the late Paleogene was affected by combined effects of southeast extrusion from the Indo-Eurasian plate collision and subduction of the Pacific plate underneath the Eurasia plate. The uplift amplitude tended to decrease gradually from inland to coastal areas, resulting in differential evolution between onshore uplift and offshore subsidence.

Key words: vitrinite reflectance, erosion restoration, southern margin of the South China Block, Nanxiong Basin

中图分类号:

P736.121

赵鹏, 施小斌, 刘璐, 谌永强, 任自强. 华南大陆南缘南雄盆地古近系顶面地层剥蚀特征及其大地构造意义[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(5): 125-139.

ZHAO Peng, SHI Xiaobin, LIU Lu, SHEN Yongqiang, REN Ziqiang. Erosion characteristics of the Paleogene top strata in the Nanxiong Basin, southern margin of the South China Block and its tectonic significance[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(5): 125-139.

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编号	岩性	结晶年龄	东经	北纬	高程/m	磷灰石裂变径迹		29Ma以来剥蚀量/m
编号	岩性	结晶年龄	东经	北纬	高程/m	年龄/Ma	误差(±1δ)/Ma	剥蚀量范围	根据最佳热史
Nx1^a	花岗岩	中侏罗世	114°15′00″	25°12′46.8″	198	40	3	(640, 1920)	1120
Nx3^a	花岗岩	中侏罗世	114°15′21.6″	25°13′12″	221	37	2	(1560, 2800)	2360
04GD43^c	花岗岩	晚三叠世	114°02′20.4″	25°23′13.2″	486	37	3	—	2260
12GH22-1^c	砂岩	早侏罗世	113°31′26.4″	25°00′7.2″	191	38	10	(440, 1920)	1280
11GG10-1^b	花岗岩	中−晚三叠世	114°23′56.4″	24°53′42″	385	51	3	(720, 2240)	1440
10GDDX32-1^b	砂岩	早侏罗世	114°28′48″	24°07′19.2″	122	42	5	(1000, 2480)	1920
12GH14^b	花岗岩	晚奥陶−早志留世	114°55′8.4″	24°27′14.4″	162	53	3	(40, 600)	520
Hz1^a	花岗岩	早白垩世	114°56′06″	22°49′51.6″	109	61	4	(1040, 1280)	1240
Hz3^a	花岗岩	早白垩世	114°58′30″	22°50′20.4″	149	60	3	(1120, 1400)	1240

编号	经度	纬度	深度/m	Ro/%
NXR1	114°14′17.9″E	25°8′35.1″N	500	0.95
NXR2	114°14′18.8″E	25°8′37.3″N	550	1.06
NXR3	114°14′13.2″E	25°8′23.7″N	590	1.55
NXR4	114°14′30″E	25°8′39″N	600	1.52
NXR5	114°14′29.6″E	25°8′37.2″N	630	1.51
NXR6	114°14′30.1″E	25°8′36.7″N	650	1.10
NXR7	114°29′56.1″E	25°17′9.6″N	950	1.33
NXR8	114°14′32.3″E	25°8′33.4″N	1050	1.39

华南大陆南缘南雄盆地古近系顶面地层剥蚀特征及其大地构造意义

Erosion characteristics of the Paleogene top strata in the Nanxiong Basin, southern margin of the South China Block and its tectonic significance

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