多层土地基中桩靴穿刺计算方法及工程反演分析*

doi:10.11978/2025027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对自升式平台在多层土地基中桩靴穿刺计算方法的局限性, 文章系统梳理了两层土、三层土及三层以上多层土地基中穿刺计算的规范方法及最新研究进展, 并结合粤东海域风电场站桩过程的实测数据开展反演分析。研究发现, 现有ISO规范方法在预测多层土地基承载力时存在忽略土层界面变化、土塞效应及黏土应变速率和应变软化等问题, 而基于桩靴破坏机理的新方法虽能改善预测精度, 但仅适用于特定土层条件, 实际工程中的普适性较差。通过反演分析, 本文进一步揭示了不同方法在复杂地质条件下的适用性, 并提出未来研究应聚焦于开发能够考虑真实地基破坏模式、土层界面变化及土塞效应的通用计算方法, 以提升多层土地基中桩靴穿刺风险评估的可靠性。

关键词: 自升式海上风电安装平台, 多层土, 桩靴, 穿刺, 反演分析

Abstract:

To address the limitations of penetration analysis methods for jack-up platforms in multi-layer soils, this paper systematically reviews the ISO methods and latest proposed approaches in two-layer and multi-layer soils (three or more layers). Additionally, field-measured data collected from eastern Guangdong are evaluated through back analysis. The study reveals that the ISO methods neglect issues such as soil layer interface variations, soil plugging effects, and clay strain rate and strain softening. While new methods based on soil failure mechanisms improve prediction accuracy, they are only applicable to specific soil conditions and lack general applicability in practical engineering. Through back analysis, this paper further clarifies the applicability of different methods under complex geological conditions and proposes that future research should focus on developing universal calculation methods that account for realistic soil failure mechanism, soil layer interface variations, and soil plug effects, so as to enhance the reliability of penetration risk assessment for spudcan in multi-layered soil profiles.

Key words: jack-up rig, multi-layer soils, spudcan, punch-through, case study

中图分类号:

P755

魏鹏, 雷迪, 刘士宝, 杜佃春, 张友虎. 多层土地基中桩靴穿刺计算方法及工程反演分析^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(2): 16-29.

WEI Peng, LEI Di, LIU Shibao, DU Dianchun, ZHANG Youhu. Review on prediction of spudcan punch-through capacity in multi-layer soils and case study^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(2): 16-29.

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参考文献 29

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机位	平台	对应钻孔	长/m	宽/m	高/m	等效直径/m	投影面积/m²	体积/m³	荷载/MN
a	A	1	12.90	11.60	3.09	13.30	139	270	61.49
b	B	2、3	17.40	14.20	4.35	17.18	232	746	119.80

钻孔编号	土层描述	海床面以下土层界面深度/m		有效容重/(kN∙m^-3)	黏土不排水抗剪强度		砂土内摩擦角/(°)	相对密实度/% (密实状态)
钻孔编号	土层描述	顶面	底面	有效容重/(kN∙m^-3)	s_um/kPa	k/(kPa∙m^-1)	砂土内摩擦角/(°)	相对密实度/% (密实状态)
1	淤泥质粉质黏土	0	8.3	6.5	1	1.2
	粉土	8.3	12.4	8.2	60	0	27	20
	淤泥质土夹粉土	12.4	20.9	7.2	20	0
	粉砂	20.9	23.1	9.4			31	35
	粉质黏土	23.1	27.9	7.5	30	0
	粉质黏土	27.9	29.7	8.3	65	0
	粉质黏土	29.7	41.6	8.3	55	0
2	淤泥质土	0	5.0	7.3	13	0
	淤泥质土	5.0	10.8	7.5	27	0
	粉砂混淤泥	10.8	16.5	8.7			25	松散~稍密
	粉质黏土	16.5	18.5	7.4	40	0
	粉质黏土	18.5	24.8	9.0	60	0
	粉砂混黏性土	24.8	26.6	9.1			30	中密
	粉砂	26.6	28.5	9.5			32
3	淤泥质土	0	5.0	7.5	13	0
	淤泥质土	5.0	11.8	7.7	26	0
	粉土	11.8	15.7	9.3	40	0
	粉质黏土	15.7	17.5	8.6	46	0
	粉质黏土	17.5	24.9	8.7	70	0
	粉砂混黏性土	24.9	28.5	9.1			29	中密