丝鳍圆天竺鲷的繁殖习性、胚胎发育和胚后发育观察

doi:10.11978/2023039

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 116-125.doi: 10.11978/2023039CSTR: 32234.14.2023039

丝鳍圆天竺鲷的繁殖习性、胚胎发育和胚后发育观察

兰真强¹^,²(), 郑纪涛¹, 陈芸¹^,², 陈楠¹^,², 王淑红¹^,²^,³()

1.集美大学水产学院, 福建厦门 361021
2.观赏水族福建省高校工程研究中心, 福建厦门 361021
3.农业农村部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室, 福建厦门 361021

收稿日期:2023-03-24 修回日期:2023-04-18 出版日期:2024-01-10 发布日期:2024-01-19
作者简介:
兰真强(1995—), 男, 四川省自贡市人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为海水观赏鱼繁育。email: 951690561@qq.com
基金资助:
福建省科技厅引导性项目(2022N0014); “十三五”厦门市海洋经济创新发展示范项目(16PZY002SF18)

Copulation, embryonic and post-embryonic development of Sphaeramia nematoptera

LAN Zhenqiang¹^,²(), ZHENG Jitao¹, CHEN Yun¹^,², CHEN Nan¹^,², WANG Shuhong¹^,²^,³()

1. Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
2. Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China
3. Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361021, China

Received:2023-03-24 Revised:2023-04-18 Online:2024-01-10 Published:2024-01-19
Supported by:
Guided Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022N0014); The Regional Demonstration Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of Marine Economy Innovation & Development in Xiamen(16PZY002SF18)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以丝鳍圆天竺鲷(Sphaeramia nematoptera)为研究对象, 观察记录了其繁殖习性以及胚胎发育和胚后发育的过程。研究结果表明: 丝鳍圆天竺鲷的繁殖活动由雌鱼主导, 在凌晨1点至3点交配, 产卵受精后由雄性口孵, 产卵间隔期为11~18d, 无季节性。雌鱼单次产卵3126~4882粒, 受精卵近圆球形, 卵径(720±10)μm, 内有数颗油球; 在水温(27.0±0.5)℃条件下, 受精卵经过卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期到出膜需187h。丝鳍圆天竺鲷胚后发育分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期和成鱼期, 初孵仔鱼全长(2.8±0.1)mm, 口裂高度(0.202±18)mm, 孵化后第二天仔鱼开口摄食; 孵化后24d鳍条形成, 身体出现两条黑色条带, 结束浮游阶段, 进入稚鱼期; 孵化后50d鳞片完全形成, 体色斑纹等外形特点与成鱼相同, 进入幼鱼期; 孵化后360d性腺发育成熟, 具备生殖能力。

关键词: 丝鳍圆天竺鲷, 海水观赏鱼, 繁殖习性, 胚胎发育, 胚后发育

Abstract:

The copulation behavior, embryonic and post-embryonic development of Sphaeramia nematoptera were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mating behavior was dominated by females, mating between 1:00 and 3:00 am, and the reproductive cycle was 11~18 d without seasonal fluctuations. The release of eggs by female were 3126~4882 at a time, which were incubated by the male’s mouth. The fertilized eggs were suborbicular, (720±10) μm in diameter, with several oil globules inside. It took 187 h for a fertilized egg to be hatched under (27.0±0.5) ℃. The embryo development process included Cleavage, Blastocyst, Gastrulation, Neurula and Organ formation stages. The post-embryonic development could be divided into juvenile stage, larval stage, juvenile stage and adult stage. The whole length of the first hatchling was (2.8±0.1) mm, the height of the mouth cleft was (0.202±18) mm, and the juvenile opened its mouth to feed at the second day after hatching. Fins began to form and two black bands appeared on the body when ending the floating stage and entering the larval stage 24d after hatching. Scales were fully formed 50d after hatching and the body color and markings as well as other appearance characteristics were similar to the adult fish, which indicated that the fish entered the juvenile stage. Maturation of gonad was achieved 360d after hatching.

Key words: Sphaeramia nematoptera, marine ornamental fish, reproductive habits, embryonic development, post-embryonic development

兰真强, 郑纪涛, 陈芸, 陈楠, 王淑红. 丝鳍圆天竺鲷的繁殖习性、胚胎发育和胚后发育观察[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(1): 116-125.

LAN Zhenqiang, ZHENG Jitao, CHEN Yun, CHEN Nan, WANG Shuhong. Copulation, embryonic and post-embryonic development of Sphaeramia nematoptera[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(1): 116-125.

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亲鱼组	序号	产卵日期 /(月.日)	产卵时间 /(时: 分)	孵化用时/h	产卵间隔/d
A	A-1	03.08	01:31	187	/
	A-2	03.19	02:12	187.5	11
	A-3	04.05	01:40	187	17
B	B-1	03.09	02:01	187.5	/
	B-2	03.24	01:39	187	15
	B-3	04.11	01:22	187	18
C	C-1	03.01	01:09	186.5	/
	C-2	03.14	01:33	187	13
	C-3	03.29	01:29	187	15
D	D-1	03.27	02:18	188	/
	D-2	04.13	01:56	187.5	17
	D-3	05.01	01:57	187.5	18

发育时期	受精后时间	各发育期简要特征	图版
胚盘隆起期	30min	呈圆形、半透明, 卵之间有黏丝相连	4a
2细胞期	1h	2个分裂球	4b
4细胞期	1h 30min	继续分裂为4个分裂球	4c
8细胞期	2h 30min	再次分裂, 此时有8个分裂球	4d
16细胞期	3h 10min	分裂为16个分裂球	4e
32细胞期	4h	32个分裂球	4f
64细胞期	5h 15min	分裂球很小, 界限不明, 有64个分裂球	4g
囊胚早期	6h 40min	看不清细胞界限, 分裂球组成的囊胚高举	4h
囊胚中期	9h 15min	举起的细胞变扁平, 囊胚层更低	4i
囊胚晚期	12h 45min	囊胚层变扁, 并向卵黄部分下包	4j
原肠期	22h 30min	胚盘下包, 胚环和胚盾出现	4k
器官形成期(眼囊期)	29h 15min	油滴变小, 出现圆形的眼囊	4l
器官形成期(尾芽期)	34h	体节10~12对, 胚体后端出现尾芽	4m
器官形成期	56h 30min	器官继续发育, 可见嗅囊、耳囊	4n
器官形成期	67h	脑径增大, 体节增多心脏开始搏动	4o
器官形成期	80h 30min	眼圈出现黑色素, 卵黄变小	4p
器官形成期	112h	心脏跳动加快, 身体上出现黑色素	4q
器官形成期	136h	眼部积聚鸟粪素, 可见明显口裂	4r
孵化前期	160h	胚体在膜内转动, 血液循环明显	4s
孵化期	187h	身体破膜	4t

物种	卵径大小/mm	胚胎发育时间/d	初孵仔鱼长度/mm	文献来源
四眼天竺鲷(Apogon quadrifasciatus)	0.45	5	2.6	Saravanan et al (2013)
欧洲天竺鲷(A. imberbis)	0.5	5~7	2	Mazzoldi et al (2008)
犬牙天竺鲷(A. affinis)	0.35~0.4	/	1	Smith et al (1971)
半线天竺鲷(A. semilineatus)	0.58~0.6	/	2.3	Ebina (1932)
拉氏天竺鲷(A. rueppellii)	2.4	16	5.5~6.4	Chrystal et al (1985)
考氏鳍竺鲷(P. kauderni)	2.8~3.2	19	6~6.5	Vagelli (1999)
环纹圆天竺鲷(S. orbicularis)	0.6~0.7	8	3.3	Allen (1975)
丝鳍圆天竺鲷(S. nematoptera)	0.7	8	2.8	本文章

丝鳍圆天竺鲷的繁殖习性、胚胎发育和胚后发育观察

Copulation, embryonic and post-embryonic development of Sphaeramia nematoptera

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