热带海洋学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1-8.doi: 10.11978/2016131CSTR: 32234.14.2016131

• •    下一篇

河口三角洲径流和潮汐相互作用模型及应用

欧素英(), 杨清书, 杨昊, 胡帅   

  1. 中山大学河口海岸研究所, 河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 广东 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-14 修回日期:2017-02-22 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-22
  • 作者简介:

    欧素英(1974—), 女, 湖南省祁阳市人, 博士, 主要从事河口海岸水文、动力、沉积过程研究。E-mail: ousuying@mail.sysu.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研究发展计划(2016YFC0402600); 国家自然科学基金项目(41106015)

The development and application of river-tide harmonic model

Suying OU(), Qingshu YANG, Hao YANG, Shuai HU   

  1. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Sun Yat-sen University, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
  • Received:2016-12-14 Revised:2017-02-22 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-22
  • About author:

    Author:OU Suying.E-mail:ousuying@mail.sysu.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0402600); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41106015)

摘要:

受径流影响和调制, 径优型河口潮汐的非线性作用强, 潮汐调和分析和预报误差大。文章在调和分析方法的基础上, 结合河口三角洲内径潮相互作用机理, 假定河道地形变化微弱, 采用实测潮水位和上游径流量, 建立径流和潮汐调和分析(river-tidal harmonic analysis, 简称RTHA)模型, 用于分析和研究珠江三角洲的径流和潮汐的相互作用过程。结果表明, 对于珠江河口年尺度的潮水位数据, RTHA模型分析和预报的标准误差0.12~0.17 m, 方差贡献(相关指数)为91% ~98%, 特别是在径流作用强的河口三角洲中上段, RTHA模型结果远高于传统的调和分析和预报结果, 可以以较高精度分离径流和潮汐信号。利用该回归模型对珠江径流影响下非线性潮汐的变化进行研究, 结果发现, 珠江径流量的洪枯季变化引起河口全日分潮、半日分潮、三分之一分潮的振幅洪季小、枯季大, 口门段四分之一分潮的振幅洪季大、枯季小; 洪季全日分潮、半日分潮传播速度变小(位相增大), 分潮振幅沿程衰减幅度显著增大, 自枯季的10%~30%迅速增加到洪季的70%~80%。

关键词: 潮汐, 径流, 径流潮汐相互作用, 径流和潮汐调和分析模型, 河口三角洲

Abstract:

With the modulation of river flows, tides in delta and estuary are generally nonstationary and nonlinear, which is difficult for analysis and prediction. Combined the interaction of river and tide in an estuary with the concept of traditional Harmonic Analysis (HA), the River-Tidal Harmonic Analysis (RTHA) model was built, and the non-stationary tide in the Pearl River delta under daily Pearl River discharge was analyzed and predicted by the model. The results show that the RTHA model performed well when analyzing and predicting the hourly tidal water level and high-low tide on annual scale, which gave root-mean-square error of 0.12~0.17 m, and correlation coefficients of 91%~98%. Especially in the upper and middle channels of the delta where river dynamics are dominant, the results of the RTHA model are far better than those of the HA model. The results of the RTHA model show that the amplitudes of diurnal (K1), semidiurnal and third-diurnal constituents decrease rapidly in flood season with large river discharge and increase in dry season, but the amplitudes of quarter-diurnal constituents at Hengmen station increase in flood season and decrease in dry season. When the Pearl River discharge increases, the constituents’ phase increases and the wave celerity decreases in flood season, while the damping ratio of tidal amplitudes was about 10%~30% in the dry season and increased to 70%~80% in the flood season.

Key words: tide, river discharge, river-tide interaction, river-tidal harmonic analysis model, estuary, delta