海南岛岸礁澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)集合种群的遗传结构和连通性

doi:10.11978/2022098

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 64-77.doi: 10.11978/2022098CSTR: 32234.14.2022098

海南岛岸礁澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)集合种群的遗传结构和连通性

付成冲¹(), 李福宇¹, 陈丹丹², 侯敬¹, 王珺¹, 李元超², 王道儒², 王嫣¹()

1.海南大学海洋学院, 海南海口 570228
2.海南省海洋与渔业科学院, 海南海口 571199

收稿日期:2022-05-04 修回日期:2022-05-13 出版日期:2023-03-10 发布日期:2022-05-16
通讯作者: 王嫣。email: ywang@hainanu.edu.cn
作者简介:
付成冲(1991—), 男, 山东省菏泽市人, 硕士研究生, 从事珊瑚生态遗传学研究。email: 494933071@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41376174); 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2018108); 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1406504)

The genetic structure and connectivity of Porites lutea metapopulation of the fringing reefs around the Hainan Island

FU Chengchong¹(), LI Fuyu¹, CHEN Dandan², HOU Jing¹, WANG Jun¹, LI Yuanchao², WANG Daoru², WANG Yan¹()

1. College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
2. Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571199, China

Received:2022-05-04 Revised:2022-05-13 Online:2023-03-10 Published:2022-05-16
Contact: WANG Yan. email: ywang@hainanu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41376174); Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2018108); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1406504)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海南岛岸礁的造礁珊瑚代表性种类澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)是环境适应性较强的块状产卵型珊瑚。探究其遗传结构和连通性将有助于揭示其海南岛岸礁集合种群的遗传多样性格局和幼虫迁移路径, 进而阐明海南珊瑚礁的恢复潜力。文章通过11个P. lutea微卫星标记来分析10个海南岛岸礁地理群体(八所、海尾、大铲礁、邻昌礁、雷公岛、木栏头、铜鼓岭、龙湾、大洲岛和鹿回头)和1个西沙群岛(西沙七连屿)群体的遗传结构。结果显示, 整体上各群体的遗传多样性中等偏低, 平均等位基因丰度 (allelic richness, R_s)为(2.8±1.3)(八所群体) ~ (3.7±1.7)(邻昌礁群体), 平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.31 (铜鼓岭群体) ~ 0.54 (大铲礁群体)和0.50 (雷公岛群体) ~ 0.64 (海尾群体)。除海南岛东部龙湾群体、大洲岛群体和西部的八所群体、大铲礁群体之外, 其他7/11的地理群体均呈杂合子缺失。海南岛岸礁澄黄滨珊瑚P. lutea地理群体间的遗传分化显示, 集合种群分为北东南遗传连通带和西岸两支, 支间遗传分化显著, 前者包括北岸的雷公岛群体和木栏头群体、东岸的大洲岛群体, 以及南岸的鹿回头和八所群体。由于珊瑚幼虫随海流迁移而形成的有效的基因流, 消弭了它们之间的遗传分化, 而西岸群体因北部湾沿岸海流交换不畅, 与外部的基因交流受阻。西岸的海尾群体与西南部的八所群体间尽管相距不足50km, 但遗传分化明显, 这可能是由于昌化江径流形成的盐度波动和悬浮沉积物的隔离作用。同样, 铜鼓岭群体因处于铜鼓岭岬角内波影区, 其南部八门湾径流或限制了它与东岸群体的基因交流, 因而呈现近交、低杂合度和非随机交配特性。此外, 由于对离岸礁坡环境的趋同适应, 东岸龙湾群体与西岸的离岸岛礁邻昌礁群体、大铲礁群体和海尾群体之间的遗传相似性更高。以P. lutea集合种群为代表的海南岛珊瑚岸礁有着相对充沛的基因交流, 且因受海流、径流及复杂岸礁环境影响而形成了多层次的遗传分化和基因流格局, 这构成其应对外界胁迫的主要自然恢复力。西沙群体与海南岛岸礁群体之间的遗传分化较大, 呈现显著的地理隔离。西沙七连屿可能由于自身珊瑚礁健康状况的衰退而丧失了对海南岛珊瑚幼虫的补充能力。

关键词: 澄黄滨珊瑚, 遗传连通性, 微卫星标记, 径流, 岸礁结构, 海流

Abstract:

Porites lutea, the representative species of reef building corals around the Hainan Island, is a spawning, massive coral with strong environmental adaptability. Exploring the genetic structure and connectivity of this species helps to reveal the genetic diversity pattern and larval migration path of coral metapopulation around the Hainan Island, thus clarifying the recovery potential of coral reefs. In this study, 11 P. lutea microsatellite markers were screened to analyze the genetic structure of 10 populations of the Hainan fringing reefs and 1 population (XsR) in the Xisha Islands. The results showed that, overall the genetic diversity of all populations was medium to low, with the average allelic richness Rs ranging from 2.8 ± 1.3 (Basuo population, Bs) to 3.7 ± 1.7 (Linchang Reef population, LcR), and the average observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 (Tongguling population, Tgl) to 0.54 (Dachan Reef population, DcR) and 0.50 (Leigong Island population, LgI) to 0.64 (Haiwei population, Hw), respectively. Except for the Longwan Reef population (LwR) and the Dazhou Island population (DzI), which located in the east of the Hainan Island, and the Basuo population (Bs) and the Dachan Reef population DcR (in the west of Hainan Island), all other populations (7/11) showed evidence of heterozygote deficiency. According to genetic differentiation, the Hainan Island populations were divided into two groups: the north-south-east genetically connected zone and the west coast, and the differentiation between the two branches (AMOVA, 0.092) was significant. The former group included Bs, Luhuitou population (Lht), DzI, LgI and Mulantou population (Mlt), due to the significant gene flow created by exchange of ocean currents, there was no obvious genetic differentiation among these five coastal populations, whereas the gene flow of the offshore populations (LcR, DcR and Hw) of the west coast was blocked due to the discontinuity of coastal reefs and slow coastal currents. LwR in the east coast also converges to the west branch, which may be due to the isolation by environment and the convergent adaptation to offshore environment. Although the distance between Hw and Bs is less than 50 km, but they are obviously differentiated, possibly due to the isolation by salinity fluctuation and suspended sediments caused by the runoff of the Changhua River. Tgl showed strong inbreeding, low heterozygosity and non-random mating characteristics because it was located in the wave shadow area of the Tongguling headland, and the runoff of the Bamen River restricted its gene exchange with other coastal reef populations. Represented by P. lutea metapopulations, the fringing reefs of the Hainan Island has the natural resilience responding to environmental stress due to the strong gene flow and the genetic differentiation caused by ocean current, runoff and complex fringing reef structure, as well as the environmental differences between nearshore and offshore. The genetic differentiation between the Xisha Islands population and the coastal reef populations of the Hainan Island was large, showing significant geographical isolation. The Qilianyu Island may have lost the ability to replenish the Hainan Island with coral larvae because the coral reefs have declined there.

Key words: Porites lutea, Genetic connectivity, Microsatellite marker, Runoff, Fringing reef structures, Currents

付成冲, 李福宇, 陈丹丹, 侯敬, 王珺, 李元超, 王道儒, 王嫣. 海南岛岸礁澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)集合种群的遗传结构和连通性[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(2): 64-77.

FU Chengchong, LI Fuyu, CHEN Dandan, HOU Jing, WANG Jun, LI Yuanchao, WANG Daoru, WANG Yan. The genetic structure and connectivity of Porites lutea metapopulation of the fringing reefs around the Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(2): 64-77.

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

11个澄黄滨珊瑚群体11个微卫星位点的遗传多样性参数表"

群体		指标			位点																																	平均值
群体		指标			plo7			plo37			plo66			plo78			pasE005			pasE030			pasE056			pasE060			pasE062			pasE073			pasE099			平均值
		F_ST			0.223			0.093			0.122			0.285			0.087			0.033			0.064			0.012			0.084			0.095			0.303
铜鼓岭		N			9			10			10			11			10			11			11			11			11			11			10
		R_S			4.0			3.8			2.9			2.6			2.0			1.9			2.0			5.6			1.9			3.3			2.7			3.0
		H_o			0.27			0.55			0.18			0.09			0.09			0.18			0.00			0.91			0.00			0.91			0.27			0.31
		H_e			0.85			0.74			0.67			0.62			0.47			0.26			0.61			0.82			0.26			0.61			0.59			0.59
		F_IS			0.556			0.115			0.660			0.839			0.640			-0.053			1.000			-0.117			1.000			-0.538			0.289			0.399
		P_hwe			0.0075*			0.0020			0.0056*			0.0011*			0.1603			1.0000			0.0007*			0.0006			0.0490			0.0037			0.4864
鹿回头		N			8			8			7			8			8			8			8			8			8			8			7
		R_S			5.0			5.6			1.0			2.9			2.0			2.0			2.0			5.7			3.0			3.8			2.0			3.2
		H_o			0.50			0.63			0.00			0.50			0.38			0.38			0.25			0.50			0.25			0.75			0.13			0.39
		H_e			0.89			0.88			0.35			0.54			0.46			0.33			0.34			0.86			0.53			0.62			0.45			0.57
		F_IS			0.411			0.239			—			0.082			0.192			-0.167			-0.077			0.404			0.440			-0.235			0.000			0.129
		P_hwe			0.0214			0.2890			—			1.0000			1.0000			1.0000			1.0000			0.0176*			0.1413			0.0417			—
大洲岛	N			9			9			10			10			10			10			10			10			10			9			9
	R_S			5.3			7.0			3.6			4.1			1.7			1.9			1.9			5.7			1.9			2.0			1.8			3.4
	H_o			0.60			0.70			0.50			0.50			0.10			0.20			0.20			0.70			0.20			0.50			0.10			0.39
	H_e			0.81			0.88			0.56			0.68			0.19			0.28			0.28			0.86			0.28			0.54			0.37			0.52
	F_IS			0.127			0.097			0.100			0.244			0.000			-0.059			-0.059			0.187			-0.059			-0.333			0.000			0.022
	P_hwe			0.1919			0.1379			0.1023			0.5001			—			1.0000			1.0000			0.0600			1.0000			1.0000			—
八所	N			15			14			15			15			15			15			14			15			15			14			14
	R_S			3.7			4.3			2.0			2.7			2.0			1.0			2.5			5.1			2.0			3.5			1.5			2.8
	H_o			0.80			0.40			0.60			0.80			0.40			—			0.27			0.53			0.40			0.80			0.07			0.51
	H_e			0.72			0.76			0.54			0.54			0.40			—			0.46			0.79			0.40			0.70			0.25			0.56
	F_IS			-0.139			0.371			-0.260			-0.500			0.012			—			0.096			0.311			0.012			-0.316			0.000			-0.041
	P_hwe			0.5795			0.0460			0.5809			0.0684			1.0000			—			0.1472			0.0115			1.0000			0.0132			—
木栏头	N			16			15			16			15			15			16			16			16			16			15			15
	R_S			5.0			5.6			2.3			3.6			1.5			2.4			2.4			4.9			2.8			3.4			1.0			3.2
	H_o			0.50			0.75			0.19			0.50			0.06			0.13			0.25			0.63			0.25			0.75			0.00			0.36
	H_e			0.77			0.84			0.24			0.68			0.24			0.29			0.56			0.76			0.47			0.64			0.18			0.52
	F_IS			0.324			0.003			-0.034			0.161			0.000			0.474			0.514			0.169			0.409			-0.388			—			0.163
	P_hwe			0.0182*			0.9930			1.0000			0.0524			—			0.0675			0.0234			0.0286			0.0683			0.1924			—
雷公岛	N			16			16			16			16			15			15			16			16			16			16			15
	R_S			5.5			5.7			1.8			4.6			1.9			1.9			3.3			6.0			1.8			2.4			1.0			3.3
	H_o			0.63			0.56			0.06			0.63			0.06			0.06			0.56			0.56			0.19			0.50			0.00			0.35
	H_e			0.83			0.84			0.23			0.74			0.34			0.29			0.54			0.87			0.23			0.40			0.18			0.50
	F_IS			0.254			0.322			0.651			0.143			0.650			0.500			-0.034			0.348			-0.071			-0.257			—			0.251
	P_hwe			0.0189			0.0903*			0.0962			0.0042			0.1023			0.0306			0.7697			0.0025*			1.0000			0.6317			—
邻昌礁		N		9			9			9			9			9			9			9			9			9			9			9
		R_S		4.6			6.3			3.6			1.8			2.0			1.8			3.7			6.8			3.0			4.0			3.7			3.7
		H_o		0.56			0.56			0.44			0.11			0.11			0.11			0.44			0.67			0.22			1.00			0.78			0.45
		H_e		0.76			0.88			0.47			0.11			0.40			0.22			0.55			0.92			0.54			0.78			0.66			0.57
		F_IS		0.279			0.365			0.059			0.000			0.636			0.000			0.190			0.267			0.590			-0.309			-0.191			0.171
		P_hwe		0.0795			0.0317			0.5320			—			0.1771			—			0.1576*			0.0776*			0.0133*			0.1778			0.4218
海尾		N		10			7			10			10			10			10			10			10			10			9			9
		R_S		3.7			6.0			4.4			2.9			1.0			1.0			3.6			6.1			2.8			3.0			2.0			3.3
		H_o		0.45			0.36			0.64			0.36			—			—			0.18			0.36			0.00			0.73			0.73			0.42
		H_e		0.52			0.86			0.63			0.54			—			—			0.54			0.82			0.41			0.72			0.67			0.64
		F_IS		0.138			0.333			-0.007			0.333			—			—			0.623			0.543			1.000			-0.524			-0.778			0.185
		P_hwe		0.3443			0.0665			0.2047			0.0955			—			—			0.0084*			0.0000*			0.0022*			0.2135			0.0557
大铲礁			N			11			11			11			11			11			11			11			11			11			11			11
			R_S			4.6			5.2			2.8			3.0			1.0			1.0			2.8			4.6			2.8			3.9			2.0	3.1
			H_o			0.18			0.45			0.45			0.82			—			—			0.18			0.73			0.45			0.64			0.91	0.54
			H_e			0.85			0.77			0.46			0.70			—			—			0.41			0.71			0.39			0.75			0.52	0.62
			F_IS			0.779			0.383			-0.163			-0.259			—			—			0.459			-0.026			-0.163			0.136			-0.818	0.036
			P_hwe			0.0000*			0.0000			1.0000			0.3486			—			—			0.0992			0.1568			1.0000			0.0041			0.0196
龙湾			N			22			21			21			22			22			22			22			22			21			22			22
			R_S			3.2			4.8			3.5			2.3			1.3			1.0			2.9			6.2			2.0			3.6			2.0	3.0
			H_o			0.32			0.64			0.36			0.86			0.05			—			0.32			0.73			0.32			0.73			0.68	0.50
			H_e			0.40			0.73			0.49			0.55			0.09			—			0.54			0.85			0.38			0.70			0.51	0.52
			F_IS			0.128			0.056			0.140			-0.684			0.000			—			0.407			0.141			-0.176			-0.043			-0.346	-0.038
			P_hwe			0.1269			0.1715			0.0871			0.0006			—			—			0.0107*			0.0000			1.0000			0.0040			0.1924
西沙七连屿			N			13			13			11			13			13			13			13			13			13			12			13
			R_S			1.5			5.2			3.9			1.0			1.0			1.0			2.5			8.0			2.7			3.4			2.5	3.0
			H_o			0.08			0.54			0.54			—			—			—			0.15			0.77			0.23			0.69			0.46	0.43
			H_e			0.15			0.78			0.83			—			—			—			0.28			0.88			0.40			0.67			0.52	0.56
			F_IS			0.000			0.320			0.146			—			—			—			0.461			0.127			0.333			-0.356			0.007	0.130
			P_hwe			—			0.0070			0.0340			—			—			—			0.2402			0.1348			0.0271			0.5811			1.0000

表3

表4

表5

图3

图4

图5

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位点	GenBank号	T_a/℃	a	Size/bp	H_o	R_S	HWE*	PIC
plo7	HQ435873	50	12	171~240	0.44 ± 0.21	4.2 ± 1.2	1/10 ^#	0.762
plo37	HQ435922	55	17	372~431	0.56 ± 0.12	5.4 ± 0.9	2/11	0.824
plo66	HQ435976	55	11	172~208	0.36 ± 0.22	2.9 ± 1.0	0/10 ^#	0.443
plo78	GU137158	50	9	102~170	0.52 ± 0.27	2.9 ± 1.0	2/9 ^#	0.640
pasE005	KP407156	53	2	202~204	0.16 ± 0.15	1.6 ± 0.4	0/5 ^#	0.150
pasE030	KP407159	53	4	183~197	0.18 ± 0.11	1.5 ± 0.5	0/5 ^#	0.093
pasE056	KP407161	50	8	251~300	0.25 ± 0.15	2.7 ± 0.6	1/11	0.432
pasE060	KP407163	50	18	261~392	0.64 ± 0.15	5.9 ± 0.9	3/11	0.850
pasE062	KP407165	53	5	288~314	0.23 ± 0.14	2.4 ± 0.5	0/11	0.309
pasE073	KP407169	48	9	326~357	0.73 ± 0.15	3.3 ± 0.6	2/11	0.600
pasE099	KP407171	53	6	202~302	0.38 ± 0.35	2.0 ±0.8	0/6 ^#	0.350

	八所	雷公岛	木栏头	铜鼓岭	大洲岛	鹿回头	海尾	大铲礁	邻昌礁	龙湾	西沙
八所	-	0.116	0.081	0.194	0.103	0.114	0.205	0.202	0.156	0.110	0.407
雷公岛	0.072	-	0.068	0.221	0.098	0.098	0.172	0.179	0.167	0.158	0.413
木栏头	0.046	0.007	-	0.191	0.089	0.083	0.201	0.193	0.140	0.126	0.393
铜鼓岭	0.105	0.091	0.090	-	0.174	0.199	0.253	0.286	0.231	0.222	0.405
大洲岛	0.037	0.018	0.024	0.075	-	0.128	0.190	0.207	0.165	0.194	0.387
鹿回头	0.042	0.017	0.016	0.091	0.021	-	0.236	0.227	0.217	0.169	0.432
海尾	0.127	0.107	0.102	0.109	0.086	0.138	-	0.195	0.144	0.184	0.395
大铲礁	0.117	0.092	0.106	0.135	0.093	0.109	0.071	-	0.178	0.193	0.403
邻昌礁	0.057	0.097	0.067	0.089	0.101	0.086	0.045	0.053	-	0.136	0.381
龙湾	0.148	0.131	0.100	0.152	0.129	0.166	0.055	0.084	0.060	-	0.408
西沙	0.341	0.330	0.338	0.309	0.311	0.339	0.307	0.294	0.306	0.325	-

海南岛岸礁澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)集合种群的遗传结构和连通性

The genetic structure and connectivity of Porites lutea metapopulation of the fringing reefs around the Hainan Island

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地区	站位	纬度/N	经度/E	N	N_MLG
海南岛岸礁	八所	19°08′25.80″	108°39′33.00″	15	15
	雷公岛	19°58′30.43″	109°53′29.79″	17	16
	木栏头	20°07′25.02″	110°39′21.90″	16	16
	铜鼓岭	19°37′53.39″	110°58′42.76″	17	11
	大洲岛	18°40′29.54″	110°28′56.86″	10	10
	鹿回头	18°13′33.42″	109°29′06.44″	8	8
	海尾	19°26′47.55″	108°51′12.20″	10	10
	大铲礁	19°41′11.63″	109°06′2.13″	11	11
	邻昌礁	19°55′01.09″	109°28′51.86″	10	9
	龙湾	19°16′24.20″	110°39′29.50″	22	22
西沙岛礁	七连屿	16°58′10.92″	112°18′21.41″	13	13
	总计			149	141

群体	N	R_S	H_o	H_e	F_IS	HWE (偏离位点)
八所	15	2.8 ± 1.3	0.51± 0.25	0.56 ± 0.18	-0.041	-
雷公岛	16	3.3 ± 1.8	0.35 ± 0.27	0.50 ± 0.27	0.251	plo78, pasE062
木栏头	16	3.2 ± 1.5	0.36 ± 0.27	0.52 ± 0.24	0.163	-
铜鼓岭	11	3.0 ± 1.1	0.31 ± 0.33	0.59 ± 0.20	0.399	plo37, plo78, pasE056, pasE060, pasE073
大洲岛	10	3.4 ± 1.9	0.39 ± 0.23	0.52 ± 0.26	0.022	-
鹿回头	8	3.2 ± 1.6	0.39 ± 0.22	0.57 ± 0.22	0.129	-
海尾	10	3.3 ± 1.7	0.42 ± 0.25	0.64 ± 0.15	0.185	pasE056, pasE062
大铲礁	11	3.1 ± 1.4	0.54 ± 0.26	0.62 ± 0.17	0.036	plo7, plo37, pasE073
邻昌礁	9	3.7 ± 1.7	0.45 ± 0.30	0.57 ± 0.26	0.171	-
龙湾	22	3.0 ± 1.5	0.50 ± 0.26	0.52 ± 0.21	-0.038	plo78, pasE060, pasE073
西沙七连屿	13	3.0 ± 2.1	0.43 ± 0.25	0.56 ± 0.27	0.130	-

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