南海东北部陆坡区中上层浮游动物的垂直分布*
李开枝(1977—), 女, 河南省信阳市人, 研究员, 主要从事海洋浮游动物多样性和生态学研究。email: |
Copy editor: 殷波
收稿日期: 2020-06-13
要求修回日期: 2020-08-02
网络出版日期: 2020-08-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(31971432)
国家自然科学基金项目(41976112)
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0401)
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY201404)
中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA11020200)
版权
Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea*
Copy editor: YIN Bo
Received date: 2020-06-13
Request revised date: 2020-08-02
Online published: 2020-08-09
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971432)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976112)
Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0401)
Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY201404)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA11020200)
Copyright
根据2016年3月和9月南海东北部陆坡区浮游动物垂直分层采样, 比较浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量的垂直分布和季节变化, 探讨影响其差异的原因。文中共鉴定浮游动物225种, 其中3月和9月分别出现150种和169种; 桡足类种数达132种, 其次是毛颚类和管水母类, 各18种; 浮游动物种数在50~100m水层最高, 一般随水深增加而减少。浮游动物丰度和生物量主要集中在0~100m, 二者在100m以深水层随深度增加而降低, 而水柱生物量在100~1000m占总水柱生物量的60%以上。浮游动物优势种季节和垂直变化明显, 3月近海种如普通波水蚤(Undinula vulgaris)和微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)等在100m以上水层丰度较高; 9月外海种如达氏筛哲水蚤(Cosmocalanus darwinii)和黄角光水蚤(Lucicutia flavicornis)等在100m以浅水层相对于3月丰度增加; 隆线似哲水蚤(Calanoides carinatus)在3月丰度和平均体长高于9月, 并且体长较大者主要分布在深层。浮游动物可分0~100m、100~400m和400~1000m三个群落, 因不同水层种类组成和丰度差异引起。浮游动物丰度和生物量的垂直变化与温度、叶绿素a质量浓度等因子呈显著正相关。南海东北部陆坡浮游动物季节和垂直变化受季风、沿岸流和中尺度涡的影响。
李开枝 , 任玉正 , 柯志新 , 李刚 , 谭烨辉 . 南海东北部陆坡区中上层浮游动物的垂直分布*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021 , 40(2) : 61 -73 . DOI: 10.11978/2020061
Based on the vertically stratified sampling of zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) in March and September 2016, the seasonal and vertical variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, and biomass were analyzed and compared to explore the factors affecting their differences. A total of 225 species of zooplankton was identified; 150 species appeared in March, and 169 species, in September. There were 132 species of copepods, followed by 18 species of chaetognaths and siphonophores, respectively. The number of zooplankton species was the highest in the 50 ~ 100 m water layer and generally decreased with the increase of water depth. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton were mainly concentrated in the range of 0 ~ 100 m, and both of them decreased with the increase of depth in the deeper water layer. However, above 60% of the biomass concentrated within the layers between 100 and 1000 m. The abundance of dominant species had obvious seasonal and vertical variation. In March, the abundance of coastal species such as Undinula vulgaris and Canthocalanus pauper was higher above the depth of 100 m. In September, the abundance of oceanic species such as Cosmocalanus darwinii and Lucicutia flavicornis was high in the upper layer of 100 m. Calanoides carinatus showed higher abundance and average body length in March than in September, and the larger body length appeared mainly in deep layers. The zooplankton community could be divided into three groups of 0 ~ 100 m, 100 ~ 400 m, and 400 ~ 1000 m, which was mainly caused by the differences in the composition and abundance of different water layers. Zooplankton abundance and biomass were significantly positively correlated with temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. The seasonal and vertical variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass were driven by monsoon, coastal currents, and mesoscale eddies in the continental slope of the northeastern SCS.
表1 南海东北部陆坡区浮游动物各类群在3月和9月出现的种数及所占百分比Tab. 1 Species richness and percentage of zooplankton groups in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea in March and September |
类群 | 3月种数 | 9月种数 | 合计 | 百分比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
水螅水母类Hydromedusae | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1.78 |
管水母类Siphonophores | 7 | 15 | 18 | 8.00 |
栉水母类Ctenophores | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
浮游翼足类Pteropods | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2.22 |
浮游异足类Heteropods | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
介形类Ostracods | 10 | 12 | 17 | 7.56 |
哲水蚤类Calanoids | 75 | 69 | 97 | 43.11 |
剑水蚤类Cyclopoids | 24 | 22 | 31 | 13.78 |
猛水蚤类Harpacticoids | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1.78 |
端足类Amphipods | 2 | 5 | 7 | 3.11 |
磷虾类Euphausiacea | 3 | 7 | 7 | 3.11 |
十足类Decapods | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 |
毛颚类Chaetognaths | 12 | 15 | 18 | 8.00 |
有尾类Appendicularians | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 |
全肌目类Doliolids | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 |
半肌目类Salps | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.89 |
火体虫类Pyrosomatids | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.44 |
浮游幼虫Meroplankton | 4 | 5 | 6 | 2.67 |
合计 | 150 | 169 | 225 | 100 |
表2 南海东北部陆坡区3月和9月浮游动物优势种及优势度Tab. 2 Dominant species and their dominance in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea in March and September |
优势种 | 3月优势度 | 9月优势度 |
---|---|---|
隆线似哲水蚤Calanoides carinatus | 0.037 | 0.023 |
微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper | 0.018 | 0.004 |
达氏筛哲水蚤Cosmocalanus darwinii | 0.000 | 0.026 |
黄角光水蚤Lucicutia flavicornis | 0.001 | 0.028 |
痩乳点水蚤Pleuromamma gracilis | 0.004 | 0.029 |
普通波水蚤Undinula vulgaris | 0.087 | 0.003 |
中隆水蚤Oncaea media | 0.019 | 0.033 |
丽隆水蚤Oncaea venusta | 0.003 | 0.035 |
图7 南海东北部陆坡区3月和9月浮游动物优势种丰度的垂直分布a. 隆线似哲水蚤; b. 微刺哲水蚤; c. 达氏筛哲水蚤; d. 黄角光水蚤; e. 瘦乳点水蚤; f. 普通波水蚤; g. 中隆水蚤; h. 丽隆水蚤。各图内图形为该种的形态图 Fig. 7 Vertical distributions of abundance of dominant species in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea in March and September (a) Calanoides carinatus; (b) Canthocalanus paupe; (c) Cosmocalanus darwinii; (d) Lucicutia flavicorni; (e) Pleuromamma gracilis; (f) Undinula vulgaris; (g) Oncaea medi; (h) Oncaea venusta |
表3 浮游动物丰度和生物量与环境因子的相关性系数Tab. 3 Correlation coefficients between zooplankton abundance and biomass and environmental factors |
变量 | 丰度/(个·m-3) | 生物量/( mg·m-3) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
3月 | 9月 | 3月 | 9月 | |
温度/℃ | 0.855* | 0.867* | 0.841* | 0.909*** |
盐度/‰ | 0.834* | 0.302n.s. | 0.833* | 0.056n.s. |
叶绿素a质量浓度/(mg·m-3) | 0.877* | 0.757* | 0.931*** | 0.790* |
注: *表示p<0.05, 相关性显著; ***表示p<0.001, 相关性极显著; n.s.表示不相关 |
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