在贝类免疫防御体系中，血细胞作为其主要的免疫效应细胞，起着非常重要的作用。本文通过血细胞计数、Giemsa染色、透射电镜、扫描电镜和荧光吞噬的方法研究了海菊蛤血细胞的形态与类型及吞噬功能。结果发现海菊蛤的血细胞密度为3.296×10⁶cell/mL，血细胞在大小和胞质内是否含有颗粒方面存在显著差异，基于这些差异，我们进行了详细的分类，将其细分为透明细胞（占9.74%）、颗粒细胞（占58.14%）、无颗粒细胞（占27.50%）和淋巴样细胞（占4.62%）四种类型。透射电镜下可以观察到透明细胞、颗粒细胞和淋巴样细胞。扫描电镜观察，可以明确区分出四种不同形态的细胞，它们分别是椭圆细胞、圆形细胞、梭形细胞、核形（锥形）细胞。利用标记了GFP荧光蛋白的大肠杆菌BL21进行血细胞吞噬实验，结果显示海菊蛤血细胞的吞噬作用主要依赖于颗粒细胞来完成。

Blood cells, as the main immune effector cells, play a very important role in the immune defense system of shellfish. The morphology, type and phagocytosis function of hemocytes were studied by means of blood count, Giemsa staining, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence phagocytosis. The results showed that the blood cell density of the Spondylidae was 3.296×10⁶cell/mL,the blood cells differ significantly in size and whether they contain particles within the cytoplasm. Based on these differences, we made a detailed classification and subdivided them into four types: hyalinocyte cells(9.74%), granulocyte cells(58.14%), agranular haemocyte (27.50%) and lymphoid cells(4.62%). hyalinocyte cells, granulocyte cells and lymphoid cells could be observed under transmission electron microscope. Under the observation of scanning electron microscope, four different types of cells can be clearly distinguished, which are oval cells, round cells, spindle cells, nuclear (cone) cells.The phagocytosis experiment was carried out with Escherichia coli BL21 labeled with GFP fluorescent protein, and the results showed that the phagocytosis of the blood cells from Spondylidae mainly depended on granulosa cells.