滨海湿地主要是指低潮时水深不足6米的水域及 其沿岸浸湿地带。包括水深不超过6米的永久性水域、潮间带和沿海低洼地带。湿地具有流量调节、防止海水入侵、补充地下水或来自地下水、营养物质的沉积、调节气候、维护生物多样性和生态功能、保护海岸、旅游开发、教育与科学研究等价值。全球滨海湿地面积大约为142万km²。随着滨海地区人口急剧增长、社会经济快速发展、工业化和城市化进程不断推进，全球滨海湿地生态系统严重退化，严重制约了人与自然和谐共生，对全球滨海湿地实施系统全面的保护迫在眉睫。该文综述国内外海岸带生态修复和环境优化的技术进展，并对国内外成果案例进行了分析，总结我国滨海湿地生态修复技术的特点与优势，尤其美丽中国生态文明专项实施以来取得的新成果，对海岸带生态恢复与环境优化具有重要借鉴意义和示范作用，提出中国海岸带生态修复与环境优化的建议和推进措施，助力国家“双碳”战略实施、国家海洋生态文明建设和海洋经济可持续发展。

Coastal wetlands are mainly waters with a depth of less than 6 meters during low tide and their coastal wetted areas. It includes permanent waters, Intertidal zone and coastal low-lying areas with a water depth of no more than 6m. Wetlands have values such as flow regulation, preventing seawater intrusion, supplementing groundwater or sedimentation of nutrients from groundwater, regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity and ecological functions, protecting coasts, tourism development, education and scientific research. The global coastal wetland area is approximately 1.42 million km². With the rapid population growth, socio-economic development, industrialization, and urbanization process in coastal areas, the global coastal wetland ecosystem is severely degraded, seriously restricting the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. It is urgent to implement comprehensive and systematic protection of global coastal wetlands. This article summarizes the technological progress of coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization both domestically and internationally, and analyzes the achievements and cases at home and abroad. It summarizes the characteristics and advantages of China's coastal wetland ecological restoration technology, especially the new achievements made since the implementation of the Beautiful China Ecological Civilization Project, which has important reference significance and demonstration role for coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization, propose suggestions and promotion measures for ecological restoration and environmental optimization of the China's coastal zones, to assist in the construction of national “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” strategy, national marine ecological civilization and sustainable development of marine economy.