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热带海洋学报

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滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战

王友绍1, 2, 韩广轩3, 盛彦清3, 程皓1, 2, 龙爱民1, 2   

  1. 1．热带海洋环境国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广州 510301

    2．中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东 广州 510301

    3．中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所烟台, 264003

  • 收稿日期:2024-07-13 修回日期:2024-09-24 接受日期:2024-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 王友绍
  • 基金资助:

    2021年南沙区高端领军人才创新团项目(红树林湿地蓝碳增汇技术创新团队)；2024年绿美广东生态建设重点任务保障专项资金项目(红树林精准修复与生态功能评估)；中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项课题(XDA23050200); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1901211)

Progress, Strategic Opportunities, and Challenges in Ecological Restoration & Environmental Optimization of Coastal Wetlands

WANG Youshao1, 2, HAN Guangxuan3, SHEN Yanqing3，CHENG Hao1, 2, LONG Aimin1, 2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    3. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China

  • Received:2024-07-13 Revised:2024-09-24 Accepted:2024-10-29
  • Contact: WANG, Youshao
  • Supported by:

    Nansha District High-Level Talent Innovation Team Project in 2021 (Mangrove Wetland Blue Carbon Sequestration Technology Innovation Team); Key Tasks Guarantee Special Fund Project for Green-Beautiful Guangdong Ecological Construction in 2024 (Precise Restoration and Ecological Function Evaluation of Mangroves); Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23050200); National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1901211)

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摘要： 滨海湿地主要是指低潮时水深不足6米的水域及 其沿岸浸湿地带。包括水深不超过6米的永久性水域、潮间带和沿海低洼地带。湿地具有流量调节、防止海水入侵、补充地下水或来自地下水、营养物质的沉积、调节气候、维护生物多样性和生态功能、保护海岸、旅游开发、教育与科学研究等价值。全球滨海湿地面积大约为142万km2。随着滨海地区人口急剧增长、社会经济快速发展、工业化和城市化进程不断推进，全球滨海湿地生态系统严重退化，严重制约了人与自然和谐共生，对全球滨海湿地实施系统全面的保护迫在眉睫。该文综述国内外海岸带生态修复和环境优化的技术进展，并对国内外成果案例进行了分析，总结我国滨海湿地生态修复技术的特点与优势，尤其美丽中国生态文明专项实施以来取得的新成果，对海岸带生态恢复与环境优化具有重要借鉴意义和示范作用，提出中国海岸带生态修复与环境优化的建议和推进措施，助力国家“双碳”战略实施、国家海洋生态文明建设和海洋经济可持续发展。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 生态修复, 环境优化, 机遇与挑战

Abstract: Coastal wetlands are mainly waters with a depth of less than 6 meters during low tide and their coastal wetted areas. It includes permanent waters, Intertidal zone and coastal low-lying areas with a water depth of no more than 6m. Wetlands have values such as flow regulation, preventing seawater intrusion, supplementing groundwater or sedimentation of nutrients from groundwater, regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity and ecological functions, protecting coasts, tourism development, education and scientific research. The global coastal wetland area is approximately 1.42 million km2. With the rapid population growth, socio-economic development, industrialization, and urbanization process in coastal areas, the global coastal wetland ecosystem is severely degraded, seriously restricting the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. It is urgent to implement comprehensive and systematic protection of global coastal wetlands. This article summarizes the technological progress of coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization both domestically and internationally, and analyzes the achievements and cases at home and abroad. It summarizes the characteristics and advantages of China's coastal wetland ecological restoration technology, especially the new achievements made since the implementation of the Beautiful China Ecological Civilization Project, which has important reference significance and demonstration role for coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization, propose suggestions and promotion measures for ecological restoration and environmental optimization of the China's coastal zones, to assist in the construction of national “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” strategy, national marine ecological civilization and sustainable development of marine economy.

Key words: Coastal wetlands, ecological restoration, environmental optimization, opportunities and challenges