滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战
王友绍(1963—), 男, 博士, 山东省临沂市人, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事海洋环境生态学研究。email: yswang@scsio.ac.cn |
Copy editor: 林强
收稿日期: 2024-07-13
修回日期: 2024-09-24
网络出版日期: 2025-06-04
基金资助
2021年南沙区高端领军人才创新团项目(红树林湿地蓝碳增汇技术创新团队)
2024年绿美广东生态建设重点任务保障专项资金项目(红树林精准修复与生态功能评估)
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项课题(XDA23050200)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1901211)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1901211)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41876126)
国家重点研发计划项目(国家科技基础资源调查专项)(2017FY100700)
Progress, strategic opportunities, and challenges in ecological restoration & environmental optimization of coastal wetlands
Copy editor: LIN Qiang
Received date: 2024-07-13
Revised date: 2024-09-24
Online published: 2025-06-04
Supported by
Nansha District High-Level Talent Innovation Team Project in 2021 (Mangrove Wetland Blue Carbon Sequestration Technology Innovation Team)
Key Tasks Guarantee Special Fund Project for Green-Beautiful Guangdong Ecological Construction in 2024 (Precise Restoration, Ecological Function Evaluation of Mangroves)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23050200)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901211)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901211)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876126)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017FY100700)
滨海湿地是指陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统的交错过渡地带, 具有调节流量、防止海水入侵、补充地下水营养物质沉积、调节气候、维持生物多样性、固堤促淤、促进生态旅游和固碳与储碳等重要生态功能与价值。全球滨海湿地面积大约为14200万公顷, 中国现有594万公顷。随着全球滨海地区人口急剧增长、经济发展、工业化和城市化进程推进, 滨海湿地生态系统退化和消失严重, 亟需加强系统的、全面的保护措施。本文综述了国内外海岸带生态修复和环境优化的技术进展, 分析了典型案例, 总结了我国在生态修复方面的特点与优势, 尤其是美丽中国生态文明专项实施以来取得的新成果。这些成果对海岸带生态恢复与环境优化具有重要借鉴意义和示范作用。最后, 面对全球变化的挑战, 本文提出了中国滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化的建议和推进措施, 助力国家“双碳”战略实施和海洋经济可持续发展。
王友绍 , 韩广轩 , 盛彦清 , 程皓 , 龙爱民 . 滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025 , 44(3) : 1 -13 . DOI: 10.11978/YGR2024001
Coastal wetlands are mainly waters with a depth of less than 6 m during low tide and their coastal wetted areas. It includes permanent water bodies, intertidal zone and coastal low-lying areas with a water depth of no more than 6m. Wetlands have values such as regulating flows, preventing seawater intrusion, supplementing the sedimentation of nutrients from groundwater, regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity, protecting coasts, carbon sequestration and storage, developing ecological tourism, and undertaking education and scientific research. The global coastal wetland area is approximately 142000000 hm2, and China has approximately 5940000 hm2 at present. With the rapid growth of population, socio-economic development, and industrialization and urbanization processes in coastal areas, the global coastal wetland ecosystems are being severely degraded, and comprehensive protection measures are urgently needed. This article summarizes the technological progress of coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization both domestically and internationally, and analyzes relevant achievements and cases. It summarizes the characteristics and advantages of China's coastal wetland ecological restoration technology, especially the new achievements made ever since the implementation of the Beautiful China Ecological Civilization Project, which has important reference significance and demonstration role for coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization, and proposes suggestions and promotion measures for ecological restoration and environmental optimization of the China's coastal wetlands, to support the construction of the national “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” strategy and sustainable development of marine economy.
图6 美丽中国生态文明专项黄河三角洲健康湿地功能提升生态修复示范区左: 2018年, 建设前; 右: 2019年, 建设后 Fig. 6 The ecological restoration demonstration zone of the Yellow River Delta healthy wetland function enhancement for the special project of Beautiful China Ecological Civilization. Left: before construction in 2018; right: after construction in 2019 |
图10 西沙群岛同类底质海草移植效果(黄小平提供)左: 日本鳗草和泰来草; 右: 泰来草、日本鳗草和喜盐草 (黄小平, 2019) Fig. 10 Transplantation effect of seagrass of the congenic bottom material in Xisha Islands (provided by Huang Xiaoping). Left: Zostera japonica and Thalassia hemprichii; right: Thalassia hemprichii, Zostera japonica, and Halophila ovalis (Huang, 2019) |
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