滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战

doi:10.11978/YGR2024001

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 1-13.doi: 10.11978/YGR2024001CSTR: 32234.14.YGR2024001

• 综述 • 下一篇

滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战

王友绍¹^,²(), 韩广轩³, 盛彦清³, 程皓¹^,², 龙爱民¹^,²

1.热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东广州 510301
3.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东烟台 264003

收稿日期:2024-07-13 修回日期:2024-09-24 出版日期:2025-05-10 发布日期:2025-06-04
通讯作者: 王友绍
作者简介:
王友绍(1963—), 男, 博士, 山东省临沂市人, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事海洋环境生态学研究。email: yswang@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
2021年南沙区高端领军人才创新团项目(红树林湿地蓝碳增汇技术创新团队); 2024年绿美广东生态建设重点任务保障专项资金项目(红树林精准修复与生态功能评估); 中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项课题(XDA23050200); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1901211); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1901211); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(41876126); 国家重点研发计划项目(国家科技基础资源调查专项)(2017FY100700)

Progress, strategic opportunities, and challenges in ecological restoration & environmental optimization of coastal wetlands

WANG Youshao¹^,²(), HAN Guangxuan³, SHEN Yanqing³, CHENG Hao¹^,², LONG Aimin¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
3. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China

Received:2024-07-13 Revised:2024-09-24 Online:2025-05-10 Published:2025-06-04
Contact: WANG Youshao
Supported by:
Nansha District High-Level Talent Innovation Team Project in 2021 (Mangrove Wetland Blue Carbon Sequestration Technology Innovation Team); Key Tasks Guarantee Special Fund Project for Green-Beautiful Guangdong Ecological Construction in 2024 (Precise Restoration, Ecological Function Evaluation of Mangroves); Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23050200); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901211); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901211); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876126); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017FY100700)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海湿地是指陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统的交错过渡地带, 具有调节流量、防止海水入侵、补充地下水营养物质沉积、调节气候、维持生物多样性、固堤促淤、促进生态旅游和固碳与储碳等重要生态功能与价值。全球滨海湿地面积大约为14200万公顷, 中国现有594万公顷。随着全球滨海地区人口急剧增长、经济发展、工业化和城市化进程推进, 滨海湿地生态系统退化和消失严重, 亟需加强系统的、全面的保护措施。本文综述了国内外海岸带生态修复和环境优化的技术进展, 分析了典型案例, 总结了我国在生态修复方面的特点与优势, 尤其是美丽中国生态文明专项实施以来取得的新成果。这些成果对海岸带生态恢复与环境优化具有重要借鉴意义和示范作用。最后, 面对全球变化的挑战, 本文提出了中国滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化的建议和推进措施, 助力国家“双碳”战略实施和海洋经济可持续发展。

关键词: 滨海湿地, 生态修复, 环境优化, 机遇与挑战

Abstract:

Coastal wetlands are mainly waters with a depth of less than 6 m during low tide and their coastal wetted areas. It includes permanent water bodies, intertidal zone and coastal low-lying areas with a water depth of no more than 6m. Wetlands have values such as regulating flows, preventing seawater intrusion, supplementing the sedimentation of nutrients from groundwater, regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity, protecting coasts, carbon sequestration and storage, developing ecological tourism, and undertaking education and scientific research. The global coastal wetland area is approximately 142000000 hm², and China has approximately 5940000 hm² at present. With the rapid growth of population, socio-economic development, and industrialization and urbanization processes in coastal areas, the global coastal wetland ecosystems are being severely degraded, and comprehensive protection measures are urgently needed. This article summarizes the technological progress of coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization both domestically and internationally, and analyzes relevant achievements and cases. It summarizes the characteristics and advantages of China's coastal wetland ecological restoration technology, especially the new achievements made ever since the implementation of the Beautiful China Ecological Civilization Project, which has important reference significance and demonstration role for coastal ecological restoration and environmental optimization, and proposes suggestions and promotion measures for ecological restoration and environmental optimization of the China's coastal wetlands, to support the construction of the national “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” strategy and sustainable development of marine economy.

Key words: coastal wetlands, ecological restoration, environmental optimization, opportunities and challenges

中图分类号:

X171.4

王友绍, 韩广轩, 盛彦清, 程皓, 龙爱民. 滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(3): 1-13.

WANG Youshao, HAN Guangxuan, SHEN Yanqing, CHENG Hao, LONG Aimin. Progress, strategic opportunities, and challenges in ecological restoration & environmental optimization of coastal wetlands[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(3): 1-13.

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滨海湿地生态修复与环境优化研究进展、战略机遇与挑战

Progress, strategic opportunities, and challenges in ecological restoration & environmental optimization of coastal wetlands

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