文章根据三亚湾和台山广海湾实测水位数据, 分析了2010年智利和2011年日本海啸在中国近岸传播的海啸波形。通过与2个深海海啸观测浮标(DART)观测到的海啸波形对照, 采用功率谱分析和小波分析技术, 研究远场海啸在中国华南沿岸的海啸波特征和传播规律。在2次事件中, 海啸波通过巴士海峡进入中国南海后, 大约3~4h到达华南沿岸。地形效应是决定海啸波能量的重要因素, 特定周期的海啸波得到选择性增强。海啸波在近岸海湾持续时间长达2~3d, 海啸波周期越长, 持续时间越久。2次海啸事件均未对我国沿海造成灾害性影响, 但是通过海啸波形的对比分析, 能够更好地了解南海北部地形对海啸波的响应特征, 为防范海啸提供借鉴。
In this study we analyzed the sea level data from two pressure-based gauges in Sanya Bay and Guanghai Bay of Taishan to investigate the tsunami waveforms of two major tsunamis, the 2010 Chile and the 2011 Japan events. With the sea level data from two deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis (DART) stations, we focused on the far-field characteristics of tsunami waves on the coast of South China. Fourier power spectrum and wavelet analysis were used to describe the timing and spectral content of the tsunami signals. The tsunami waves of both events arrived at the coast of South China in 3~4 hours after entering the Bashi Channel. The similarities and differences between the tsunami signals of the two events were then compared to highlight the tsunami response characteristics of local topography. Spectral content of certain periods were amplified during tsunami transformation and evolution. Tsunami waves can oscillate, lasting for over 2~3 days in the bays with signals of longer period having longer duration. Though these two tsunami events did not pose disastrous impact on our coast, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of far-field tsunami characteristics on the coast of South China and will be of value for future tsunami hazard assessment.
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