广州市南沙水产养殖区抗生素的残留特性*
作者简介:郝勤伟(1989—), 男, 江西省九江市人, 在读硕士研究生, 主要从事抗生素的分布特征及生态效应评估。E-mail:qwhao2100 @163.com
收稿日期: 2016-01-05
要求修回日期: 2016-02-03
网络出版日期: 2017-01-19
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51378488)
广州市科技计划项目(201510010031)
感谢孙凯峰和张再旺博士在采样和实验处理方面给予的大力帮助
Residual antibiotics in the Nansha aquaculture area of Guangzhou
Received date: 2016-01-05
Request revised date: 2016-02-03
Online published: 2017-01-19
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51378488)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects (201510010031)
Copyright
水产养殖业迅猛发展带来的抗生素残留问题已经受到社会各界的高度关注, 抗生素在水产品中的残留会直接影响水生生态系统安全以及人类健康。应用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(solid-phase extraction-rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, SPE-RRLC-MS/MS)检测了35种抗生素(14种磺胺类, 10种氟喹诺酮类, 6种大环内酯类, 2种四环类和3种其他类)在广州市南沙水产养殖区各环境介质和鱼体不同组织中的残留水平, 研究结果表明, 在养殖区的水体、颗粒物、沉积物和饲料中共检出12种抗生素, 浓度最大值分别为60.76ng·L-1(脱水红霉素)、1691ng·g-1(莫能菌素)、2.41ng·g-1(恩诺沙星)和74.96ng·g-1(恩诺沙星); 鱼体血液、肝脏和肌肉中共检出11种抗生素, 浓度最大值分别为33.52µg·L-1(脱水红霉素)、199ng·g-1(诺氟沙星)和22.30ng·g-1(诺氟沙星)。鱼体血液、肝脏和肌肉对抗生素的生物富集系数均值范围分别为147~336、7~8891和8~16。表明不同组织对不同抗生素具有不同富集能力。基于风险熵评价鱼肉中抗生素的残留风险, 表明食用这些鱼类不会给人体健康带来风险。本研究结果可以为保障广州市水产品的食用安全, 确保水产养殖业可持续健康发展及提升各级环保部门对抗生素环境残留的综合监管能力提供参考。
郝勤伟 , 徐向荣 , 陈辉 , 刘珊 , 陈军 , 刘双双 , 应光国 . 广州市南沙水产养殖区抗生素的残留特性*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017 , 36(1) : 106 -113 . DOI: 10.11978/2016001
The residual antibiotics have caused public concerns with the rapid development of aquaculture, due to their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. A method named solid-phase extraction-rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-RRLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the occurrence and bioaccumulation of 35 antibiotics (14 sulfonamides, 10 fluoroquinolones, 6 macrolides, 2 tetracyclines and 3 others) in environmental matrix and different tissues of fish in the Nansha aquaculture area of Guangzhou. Twelve antibiotics were detected in water, suspended particulates, sediments and feeds, with maximum concentrations of 60.76 µg·L-1 (Erythromycin-H2O), 1691 ng·g-1 (Monensin), 2.41 ng·g-1 (Enrofloxacin) and 74.96 ng·g-1 (Enrofloxacin), respectively. Eleven antibiotics were detected in fish plasma, livers and muscle, with maximum concentrations of 33.52 µg·L-1 (Erythromycin-H2O), 199 ng·g-1 (Norfloxacin) and 22.30 ng·g-1 (Norfloxacin), respectively. The values of bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for the detected antibiotics in fish plasma, livers, and muscle were in the ranges of 147~336, 7~8891 and 8~16, respectively, indicating a different bioaccumulation capacity for different tissues. Human health risk assessment based on potential fish consumption indicated that residues of antibiotics in these aquatic products do not pose risks to consumers’ health. The current study is of great significance in ensuring the safety of aquatic products in Guangzhou, promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture and improving the regulation on residual antibiotics for environmental protection agencies.
Key words: aquaculture; antibiotics; fish tissues; bioaccumulation; health risk
Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling sites in the aquaculture area图1 水产养殖区采样点分布 |
Tab. 1 Residual antibiotics in non-biological samples from the aquaculture area表1 水产养殖区非生物样品中抗生素的残留量 |
化合物 | S1 | S2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水体残留量/ (ng·L-1) | 颗粒物残留量/(ng·g-1) | 沉积物残留量/(ng·g-1) | 饲料残留量/(ng·g-1) | 水体残留量/(ng·L-1) | 颗粒物残留量/(ng·g-1) | 沉积物残留量/(ng·g-1) | 饲料残留量/(ng·g-1) | |
脱水红霉素 | 60.76 | <0.26 | <0.26 | 5.22 | 17.25 | <0.26 | <0.26 | 43.68 |
北里霉素 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 0.5 | N.D. | 2.57 | N.D. | N.D. |
诺氟沙星 | N.D. | 110 | 1.66 | 15.21 | N.D. | 94.39 | 1.71 | N.D. |
环丙沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 14.76 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
恩诺沙星 | N.D. | 92.24 | 2.41 | 74.96 | N.D. | 47.91 | N.D. | N.D. |
氧氟沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 1.54 | 15.89 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
磺胺嘧啶 | 0.19 | 0.65 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.17 | N.D. | 0.11 |
甲氧苄啶 | 0.39 | N.D. | N.D. | 16.99 | 0.11 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
磺胺喹恶啉 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 1.77 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
磺胺二甲嘧啶 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 3.26 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
莫能菌素 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 0.36 | 0.15 | 1691 | N.D. | 0.14 |
林可霉素 | N.D. | N.D. | <2.95 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
注: N.D.表示未检出 |
Tab. 2 Residual antibiotics in different tissues of fish from the aquaculture farm S1表2 S1水产养殖场鱼体组织中抗生素的残留特征 |
化合物 | 血液 | 肝脏 | 肌肉 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
检出率 | 均值(范围)/(µg·L-1) | 检出率 | 均值(范围)/(ng·g-1) | 检出率 | 均值(范围)/(ng·g-1) | |
脱水红霉素 | 100% | 11.02 (2.46~33.52) | 100% | <3.81 (0~3.81) | 100% | <0.78 (0~0.78) |
诺氟沙星 | 100% | 11.96 (9.20~24.58) | 77% | 31.79 (N.D.~199) | 100% | <3.77 (1.95~22.30) |
培氟沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 15% | 0.25 (N.D. ~1.66) | ||
氟罗沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 8% | 0.08 (N.D.~1.07) | ||
环丙沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | |||
恩诺沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 92% | 2.19 (N.D.~3.13) | ||
氧氟沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 54% | 0.72 (N.D.~1.40) | ||
磺胺嘧啶 | 100% | <0.36 (0.36~0.38) | 23% | <0.15 (N.D.~0.28) | 38% | <0.05 (N.D.~0.12) |
甲氧苄啶 | N.D. | N.D. | 8% | 0.02 (N.D.~0.22) | ||
莫能菌素 | N.D. | 46% | 1.70 (N.D.~8.20) | N.D. | ||
林可霉素 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
注: N.D.表示未检出 |
Tab. 3 Residual antibiotics in different tissues of fish from the aquaculture farm S2表3 S2水产养殖场鱼体组织中抗生素的残留特征 |
化合物 | 血液 | 肝脏 | 肌肉 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
检出率 | 均值(范围)/(µg·L-1) | 检出率 | 均值(范围)/ (ng·g-1) | 检出率 | 均值(范围)/(ng·g-1) | |
脱水红霉素 | 100% | 12.09 (9.17~19.95) | 100% | <3.81 (0~3.81) | 100% | <0.78 (0~0.78) |
诺氟沙星 | 100% | 8.81 (5.08~10.10) | 100% | 46.92 (1.91~163) | 100% | 2.59 (2.05~4.07) |
恩诺沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 43% | 0.77 (N.D.~2.05) | ||
氧氟沙星 | N.D. | N.D. | 28% | 0.36 (N.D.~1.36) | ||
磺胺嘧啶 | 100% | <0.36 (0~0.36) | 14% | <0.09 (N.D.~0.64) | 71% | <0.09 (N.D.~0.12) |
莫能菌素 | N.D. | 43% | 4.00 (N.D.~10.93) | N.D. | ||
林可霉素 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
注: N.D.表示未检出 |
Tab. 4 Summary of the BAF values for the selected antibiotics in different tissues of fish表4 鱼体不同组织中抗生素的BAF值 |
组织 | 化合物 | BAF |
---|---|---|
血液 | 脱水红霉素 | 324(40~974) |
磺胺嘧啶 | 154(0~1984) | |
肝脏 | 磺胺嘧啶 | 7(0~144) |
莫能菌素 | 9335(0~72900) | |
肌肉 | 磺胺嘧啶 | 17(0~156) |
甲氧苄啶 | 8(0~160) |
注: 数值表示为均值(范围) |
Tab. 5 Daily intakes and the parameters of acceptable daily intakes (ADIs)表5 抗生素的摄入量以及每日允许摄入量标准 |
化合物 | Cfish/(μg·kg-1) | 摄入量/(mg·kg-1·d-1) | ADI/(mg·kg-1 bw) | HQ | MRL/(μg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
磺胺嘧啶 | 0.12 | 8.9×10-9 | 0.02 (Australian Government et al, 2016) | 4.5×10-7 | 100 (中华人民共和国农业部, 2002) |
诺氟沙星 | 22.30 | 1.7×10-5 | 0.0114 (FAO/WHO, 2011) | 1.5×10-3 | 100 (JFCRF, 2016) |
氧氟沙星 | 1.40 | 1.0×10-6 | 0.0032 (FSCJ, 2007) | 3.2×10-4 | 50 (JFCRF, 2016) |
恩诺沙星 | 3.13 | 2.3×10-6 | 0.0006 (WHO, 1997) | 3.9×10-3 | 100 (中华人民共和国农业部, 2002) |
脱水红霉素 | 0.78 | 5.8×10-7 | 0.0007 (FAO/WHO, 2014) | 8.2×10-4 | 200 (中华人民共和国农业部, 2002) |
注: Cfish为肌肉中抗生素浓度取最大值 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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