广州市南沙水产养殖区抗生素的残留特性*

doi:10.11978/2016001

热带海洋学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 106-113.doi: 10.11978/2016001CSTR: 32234.14.2016001

• • 上一篇

广州市南沙水产养殖区抗生素的残留特性^*

郝勤伟^1,³(), 徐向荣¹(), 陈辉^1,³, 刘珊^1,³, 陈军^2,³, 刘双双^2,³, 应光国²

1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2016-01-05 修回日期:2016-02-03 出版日期:2017-01-18 发布日期:2017-01-19
作者简介:
作者简介：郝勤伟(1989—), 男, 江西省九江市人, 在读硕士研究生, 主要从事抗生素的分布特征及生态效应评估。E-mail:qwhao2100 @163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51378488);广州市科技计划项目(201510010031);感谢孙凯峰和张再旺博士在采样和实验处理方面给予的大力帮助

Residual antibiotics in the Nansha aquaculture area of Guangzhou

Qinwei HAO^1,³(), Xiangrong XU¹(), Hui CHEN^1,³, Shan LIU^1,³, Jun CHEN^2,³, Shuangshuang LIU^2,³, Guangguo YING²

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2016-01-05 Revised:2016-02-03 Online:2017-01-18 Published:2017-01-19
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51378488);Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects (201510010031)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水产养殖业迅猛发展带来的抗生素残留问题已经受到社会各界的高度关注, 抗生素在水产品中的残留会直接影响水生生态系统安全以及人类健康。应用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(solid-phase extraction-rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, SPE-RRLC-MS/MS)检测了35种抗生素(14种磺胺类, 10种氟喹诺酮类, 6种大环内酯类, 2种四环类和3种其他类)在广州市南沙水产养殖区各环境介质和鱼体不同组织中的残留水平, 研究结果表明, 在养殖区的水体、颗粒物、沉积物和饲料中共检出12种抗生素, 浓度最大值分别为60.76ng·L^-1(脱水红霉素)、1691ng·g^-1(莫能菌素)、2.41ng·g^-1(恩诺沙星)和74.96ng·g^-1(恩诺沙星); 鱼体血液、肝脏和肌肉中共检出11种抗生素, 浓度最大值分别为33.52µg·L^-1(脱水红霉素)、199ng·g^-1(诺氟沙星)和22.30ng·g^-1(诺氟沙星)。鱼体血液、肝脏和肌肉对抗生素的生物富集系数均值范围分别为147~336、7~8891和8~16。表明不同组织对不同抗生素具有不同富集能力。基于风险熵评价鱼肉中抗生素的残留风险, 表明食用这些鱼类不会给人体健康带来风险。本研究结果可以为保障广州市水产品的食用安全, 确保水产养殖业可持续健康发展及提升各级环保部门对抗生素环境残留的综合监管能力提供参考。

关键词: 水产养殖, 抗生素, 鱼体组织, 生物富集, 风险评估

Abstract:

The residual antibiotics have caused public concerns with the rapid development of aquaculture, due to their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. A method named solid-phase extraction-rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-RRLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the occurrence and bioaccumulation of 35 antibiotics (14 sulfonamides, 10 fluoroquinolones, 6 macrolides, 2 tetracyclines and 3 others) in environmental matrix and different tissues of fish in the Nansha aquaculture area of Guangzhou. Twelve antibiotics were detected in water, suspended particulates, sediments and feeds, with maximum concentrations of 60.76 µg·L^-1(Erythromycin-H₂O), 1691 ng·g^-1(Monensin), 2.41 ng·g^-1(Enrofloxacin) and 74.96 ng·g^-1 (Enrofloxacin), respectively. Eleven antibiotics were detected in fish plasma, livers and muscle, with maximum concentrations of 33.52 µg·L^-1(Erythromycin-H₂O), 199 ng·g^-1(Norfloxacin) and 22.30 ng·g^-1(Norfloxacin), respectively. The values of bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for the detected antibiotics in fish plasma, livers, and muscle were in the ranges of 147~336, 7~8891 and 8~16, respectively, indicating a different bioaccumulation capacity for different tissues. Human health risk assessment based on potential fish consumption indicated that residues of antibiotics in these aquatic products do not pose risks to consumers’ health. The current study is of great significance in ensuring the safety of aquatic products in Guangzhou, promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture and improving the regulation on residual antibiotics for environmental protection agencies.

Key words: aquaculture, antibiotics, fish tissues, bioaccumulation, health risk

郝勤伟, 徐向荣, 陈辉, 刘珊, 陈军, 刘双双, 应光国. 广州市南沙水产养殖区抗生素的残留特性^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(1): 106-113.

Qinwei HAO, Xiangrong XU, Hui CHEN, Shan LIU, Jun CHEN, Shuangshuang LIU, Guangguo YING. Residual antibiotics in the Nansha aquaculture area of Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(1): 106-113.

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化合物	S1				S2
	水体残留量/ (ng·L^-1)	颗粒物残留量/(ng·g^-1)	沉积物残留量/(ng·g^-1)	饲料残留量/(ng·g^-1)	水体残留量/(ng·L^-1)	颗粒物残留量/(ng·g^-1)	沉积物残留量/(ng·g^-1)	饲料残留量/(ng·g^-1)
	脱水红霉素	60.76	<0.26	<0.26	5.22	17.25	<0.26	<0.26	43.68
北里霉素	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.5	N.D.	2.57	N.D.	N.D.
诺氟沙星	N.D.	110	1.66	15.21	N.D.	94.39	1.71	N.D.
环丙沙星	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	14.76	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
恩诺沙星	N.D.	92.24	2.41	74.96	N.D.	47.91	N.D.	N.D.
氧氟沙星	N.D.	N.D.	1.54	15.89	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
磺胺嘧啶	0.19	0.65	0.02	0.50	0.62	0.17	N.D.	0.11
甲氧苄啶	0.39	N.D.	N.D.	16.99	0.11	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
磺胺喹恶啉	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.77	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
磺胺二甲嘧啶	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	3.26	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
莫能菌素	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.36	0.15	1691	N.D.	0.14
林可霉素	N.D.	N.D.	<2.95	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.

化合物	血液		肝脏		肌肉
化合物	检出率	均值(范围)/(µg·L^-1)	检出率	均值(范围)/(ng·g^-1)	检出率	均值(范围)/(ng·g^-1)
脱水红霉素	100%	11.02 (2.46~33.52)	100%	<3.81 (0~3.81)	100%	<0.78 (0~0.78)
诺氟沙星	100%	11.96 (9.20~24.58)	77%	31.79 (N.D.~199)	100%	<3.77 (1.95~22.30)
培氟沙星	N.D.		N.D.		15%	0.25 (N.D. ~1.66)
氟罗沙星	N.D.		N.D.		8%	0.08 (N.D.~1.07)
环丙沙星	N.D.		N.D.		N.D.
恩诺沙星	N.D.		N.D.		92%	2.19 (N.D.~3.13)
氧氟沙星	N.D.		N.D.		54%	0.72 (N.D.~1.40)
磺胺嘧啶	100%	<0.36 (0.36~0.38)	23%	<0.15 (N.D.~0.28)	38%	<0.05 (N.D.~0.12)
甲氧苄啶	N.D.		N.D.		8%	0.02 (N.D.~0.22)
莫能菌素	N.D.		46%	1.70 (N.D.~8.20)	N.D.
林可霉素	N.D.		N.D.		N.D.

化合物	血液		肝脏		肌肉
化合物	检出率	均值(范围)/(µg·L^-1)	检出率	均值(范围)/ (ng·g^-1)	检出率	均值(范围)/(ng·g^-1)
脱水红霉素	100%	12.09 (9.17~19.95)	100%	<3.81 (0~3.81)	100%	<0.78 (0~0.78)
诺氟沙星	100%	8.81 (5.08~10.10)	100%	46.92 (1.91~163)	100%	2.59 (2.05~4.07)
恩诺沙星	N.D.		N.D.		43%	0.77 (N.D.~2.05)
氧氟沙星	N.D.		N.D.		28%	0.36 (N.D.~1.36)
磺胺嘧啶	100%	<0.36 (0~0.36)	14%	<0.09 (N.D.~0.64)	71%	<0.09 (N.D.~0.12)
莫能菌素	N.D.		43%	4.00 (N.D.~10.93)	N.D.
林可霉素	N.D.		N.D.		N.D.

组织	化合物	BAF
血液	脱水红霉素	324(40~974)
血液	磺胺嘧啶	154(0~1984)
肝脏	磺胺嘧啶	7(0~144)
肝脏	莫能菌素	9335(0~72900)
肌肉	磺胺嘧啶	17(0~156)
肌肉	甲氧苄啶	8(0~160)

化合物	C_fish/(μg·kg^-1)	摄入量/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)	ADI/(mg·kg^-1 bw)	HQ	MRL/(μg·kg^-1)
磺胺嘧啶	0.12	8.9×10^-9	0.02 (Australian Government et al, 2016)	4.5×10^-7	100 (中华人民共和国农业部, 2002)
诺氟沙星	22.30	1.7×10^-5	0.0114 (FAO/WHO, 2011)	1.5×10^-3	100 (JFCRF, 2016)
氧氟沙星	1.40	1.0×10^-6	0.0032 (FSCJ, 2007)	3.2×10^-4	50 (JFCRF, 2016)
恩诺沙星	3.13	2.3×10^-6	0.0006 (WHO, 1997)	3.9×10^-3	100 (中华人民共和国农业部, 2002)
脱水红霉素	0.78	5.8×10^-7	0.0007 (FAO/WHO, 2014)	8.2×10^-4	200 (中华人民共和国农业部, 2002)

广州市南沙水产养殖区抗生素的残留特性^*

Residual antibiotics in the Nansha aquaculture area of Guangzhou

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