南海中西部渔场主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素特征

doi:10.11978/2018041

热带海洋学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 76-84.doi: 10.11978/2018041CSTR: 32234.14.2018041

所属专题：南海专题

南海中西部渔场主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素特征

黄佳兴^1,²(), 龚玉艳¹, 徐姗楠¹, 王欢欢¹, 张魁¹, 张俊¹, 陈作志¹()

1. 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室, 广东广州 510300
2. 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306

收稿日期:2018-04-16 修回日期:2018-07-08 出版日期:2019-01-16 发布日期:2019-01-16
作者简介:
作者简介：黄佳兴(1994—), 男, 江西省新余市人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为渔业资源调查与评估。E-mail: 820756571@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”)项目(2014CB441505);农业农村部财政专项项目(NFZX2013);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2017HY-ZD0804)

Characteristics of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of major fishery organisms in the fishing ground of central western South China Sea

Jiaxing HUANG^1,²(), Yuyan GONG¹, Shannan XU¹, Huanhuan WANG¹, Kui ZHANG¹, Jun ZHANG¹, Zuozhi CHEN¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
2. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received:2018-04-16 Revised:2018-07-08 Online:2019-01-16 Published:2019-01-16
Supported by:
National Basic Research Program of China (“973”) (2014CB441505);Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (NFZX2013);Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (2017HY-ZD0804)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海中西部渔场是我国南海渔业开发的重点渔场之一。为了解该海域主要渔业生物的营养关系, 应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术测定了该海域主要渔业生物样品的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值, 由此构建该海域主要渔业生物的连续营养谱。结果显示, 南海中西部渔场主要渔业生物同位素比值变化幅度较大, 其中鱼类的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值范围分别为-20.00‰~-16.51‰和7.94‰~11.81‰; 头足类的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值范围分别为-18.84‰~-17.60‰和10.10‰~12.85‰。以浮游动物为基线生物计算各物种相应的营养级, 鱼类处于2.41~3.53, 头足类处于3.03~3.84, 头足类的平均营养级要高于鱼类。通过对不同体长( 胴长)的鸢乌贼Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis、菱鳍乌贼Thysanoteuthis rhombus、红鳍圆鲹Decapterus russelli、细鳞圆鲹Decapterus lajang和黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares的营养级进行比较分析, 结果发现, 随着体长(胴长)增大其营养级有相应增大的趋势。研究初步建立了南海中西部渔场主要渔业生物营养级的连续营养谱, 旨在为了解该海域食物网结构提供基础资料。

关键词: 南海中西部渔场, 碳氮稳定同位素, 渔业生物, 营养谱, 营养级

Abstract:

The central western South China Sea is one of the main fishing grounds for fishery development. To understand the trophic relationships of major fishery organisms of the central western South China Sea, stable isotope techniques were used to analyze and determine carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of major fishery biological samples in the area. The trophic levels of the main fishery biota were calculated to construct a continuous trophic spectrum of the main fishery organisms in the area. These results show that the major fishery isotope ratios have a wide range of changes in the central western South China Sea. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of the fish ranged from -20.00‰ to -16.51‰ and from 7.94‰ to 11.81‰, respectively. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of the cephalopods ranged from -18.84‰ to -17.60‰ and from 10.10‰ to 12.85‰, respectively. The corresponding trophic levels of each species were calculated using zooplankton as the baseline organism. The trophic level of fish ranged from 2.41 to 3.53, and that of cephalopods ranged from 3.03 to 3.84. Among the organisms, the average trophic level of cephalopods is higher than that of fish. Comparison of trophic levels in different lengths (mantle length) of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis, Thysanoteuthis rhombus, Decapterus russelli, Decapterus lajang, and Thunnus albacares reveals that the trophic level has a correspondingly increasing trend as body length increases. In this study, we preliminarily established the continuous trophic levels’ spectrum of major fishery bio-nutritional levels in the central and western waters of the central western South China Sea, providing a theoretical basis for the food web structure and fishery resource utilization in the area.

Key words: fishing ground of the central western South China Sea, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, fishery organisms, trophic spectrum, trophic level

黄佳兴, 龚玉艳, 徐姗楠, 王欢欢, 张魁, 张俊, 陈作志. 南海中西部渔场主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2019, 38(1): 76-84.

Jiaxing HUANG, Yuyan GONG, Shannan XU, Huanhuan WANG, Kui ZHANG, Jun ZHANG, Zuozhi CHEN. Characteristics of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of major fishery organisms in the fishing ground of central western South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(1): 76-84.

图/表 6

图1

表1

南海中西部海域渔业生物的体长范围、δ13C值、δ15N值和营养级(TL)"

	种类	体长范围/mm	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	TL	尾数
鱼类	脂眼凹肩鲹Selar crumenophthalmus	32.1~113.6	-17.44	7.94	2.40	3
	横带刺尾鱼Acanthurus triostegus	48.3~52.6	-17.50	8.28	2.49	2
	短尾大眼鲷Priacanthus macracanthus	72.4~78.3	-18.02	8.49	2.56	2
	黑带锉鳞鲀Rhinecanthus rectangulus	28.3	-18.35	8.73	2.63	1
	印度无齿鲳Ariomma indica	147.8	-18.07	8.78	2.64	1
	鲣Katsuwonus pelamis	243.3	-17.41	8.80	2.65	1
	带鳚Xiphasia setifer	378.6	-19.22	8.88	2.67	1
	玻璃玉鲳Psenes cyanophrys	144.6~158.7	-17.95	8.90	2.68	2
	直线若鲹Carangoides malabammus	162.3	-17.44	8.94	2.69	1
	少鳍方头鲳Cubiceps pauciradiatus	99~122	-17.74	8.94	2.69	7
	黄边副鳞鲀Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus	58.9~66.7	-18.04	8.95	2.69	2
	长体圆鲹Decapterus macrosoma	103.3~135.3	-18.02	8.98	2.70	7
	扁舵鲣Auxis thazard	184.6~236.7	-17.59	9.06	2.72	7
	细鳞圆鲹Decapterus lajang	257~300	-16.51	9.44	2.83	6
	画眉鰤Seriola rivoliana	232	-16.95	9.11	2.74	1
	鳞首方头鲳Cubiceps whiteleggii	133.3	-19.31	9.29	2.79	1
	尖头燕鳐Hirundichthys oxycephalus	132.7~203.9	-17.46	9.34	2.80	5
	六带鲹Caranx sexfasciatus	118.7	-18.10	9.35	2.81	1
	镊口鱼Forcipiger longirostris	41.3~54.7	-17.62	9.52	2.86	2
	斑鳍大眼鲷Priacanthus cruentatus	84.3	-17.61	9.56	2.87	1
	粗鳞灯笼鱼Myctophum asperum	57.2~68.7	-19.36	9.59	2.88	5
	鮪Euthnnus affinis	174.3~187.2	-17.36	9.61	2.89	6
	单角革鲀Aluterus monocero	337.6~368.4	-18.39	9.79	2.94	4
	光彩标灯鱼Symbolophorus evermanni	63.2~72.3	-18.17	9.87	2.96	4
	红鳍圆鲹Decapterus russelli	127.3~134.5	-18.67	10.22	3.06	3
	朴蝴蝶鱼Chaetodon modestus	58.4~59.6	-17.54	9.90	2.97	2
	圆舵鲣Auxis rochei	185.3~254.3	-17.43	9.95	2.98	12
	舟鰤Naucrates ductor	168.3~208.4	-18.76	9.99	3.00	6
	喀氏眶灯鱼Diaphus garmani	37.2	-19.92	10.05	3.01	1
	杜氏鰤Seriola dumerili	142.3~147.6	-18.28	10.11	3.03	2
	腹刺鲀Gastrophysus spadiceus	324.4	-17.96	10.26	3.08	1
	玉鲳Psenes pellucidus	44.3~7.2	-20.00	10.26	3.08	2
	斯氏长期乌鲂Taractichthys steindachneri	133.2	-19.25	10.28	3.08	1
	六带线纹鱼Grammistes sexlineatus	148.7~205.3	-18.72	10.31	3.09	4
	冠丝鳍鱼Zu cristatus	276.7~305.6	-19.54	10.40	3.12	2
	横带扁颌针鱼Ablennes hians	347.6	-18.07	10.68	3.20	1
	长鳍舵Kyphosus cinerascens	144.6~183.4	-17.65	10.88	3.26	5
	鲯鳅Coryphaena hippurus	337.3	-17.09	10.89	3.26	1
	符氏眶灯鱼Diaphus fragilis	74.3~78.1	-18.45	11.12	3.33	2
	?Echeneis naucrates	354.3~513.6	-17.72	11.15	3.34	4
	瓦氏眶灯鱼Diaphus watasei	96.3	-19.51	11.30	3.38	1
	异鳞蛇鲭Lepidocybium flavobrunneum	48.9~613.7	-17.91	11.30	3.38	3
	黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares	1420~1440	-17.86	11.54	3.45	2
	灿烂眶灯鱼Diaphus fulgens	58.3	-19.07	11.59	3.47	1
	菲氏眶灯鱼Diaphus phillipis	47.3~59.2	-18.53	11.61	3.47	3
	大鳞魣Sphyraena barracuda	684.7	-16.94	11.801	3.53	1
头足类	鸢乌贼Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis	164.3~213.3	-17.60	10.10	3.03	5
	菱鳍乌贼Thysanoteuthis rhombus	254.6~294.3	-18.84	10.05	3.01	5
	紫水孔蛸Tremoctopus gracilis	98.7~124.7	-18.48	12.33	3.69	4
	船蛸Argonauta argo	137.3	-17.94	12.85	3.84	1

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

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参数名称	简写	参数值
δ¹³C 值差	CR	3.49
δ¹⁵N 值差	NR	4.91
多边形面积	TA	9.48
质心均距	CD	1.2
最短均值	NND	1.69
最短标准差	SDNND	0.74

南海中西部渔场主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素特征

Characteristics of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of major fishery organisms in the fishing ground of central western South China Sea

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种类	体长范围/mm	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	TL	尾数
鸢乌贼Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis	75.6~8.3	-17.63	9.35	2.81	5
菱鳍乌贼Thysanoteuthis rhombus	112.4~132.4	-18.08	9.5	2.85	5
	164.3~213.3	-17.6	10.09	3.03	5
	152.3~202.3	-18.91	10.31	3.09	2
	254.6~294.3	-18.84	10.05	3.01	5
红鳍圆鲹Decapterus russelli	103.3~116.7	-18.71	9.89	2.97	6
红鳍圆鲹Decapterus russelli	127.3~134.5	-18.67	10.22	3.06	3
细鳞圆鲹Decapterus lajang	144.3~224.8	-17.6	9.08	2.73	14
细鳞圆鲹Decapterus lajang	257~300	-16.51	9.44	2.83	6
黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares	143~149	-17.38	7.63	2.3	2
	162~167	-17.65	8.29	2.5	5
	265~281	-17.1	9.08	2.73	5
	1420~1440	-17.86	11.54	3.45	2

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