人类活动影响下的钦州湾近期滩槽冲淤演变特征

doi:10.11978/2019013

热带海洋学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 41-50.doi: 10.11978/2019013CSTR: 32234.14.2019013

人类活动影响下的钦州湾近期滩槽冲淤演变特征

杨留柱^1,^2,³(), 杨莉玲^1,², 潘洪州^1,², 刘超群^1,², 喻丰华^1,²

^1. 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院, 广东广州 510611
^2. 水利部珠江河口动力学及伴生过程调控重点实验室, 广东广州 510611
^3. 中山大学海洋学院, 广东广州 510275

收稿日期:2019-01-23 修回日期:2019-02-23 出版日期:2019-11-20 发布日期:2019-11-26
通讯作者: 杨留柱
作者简介:杨留柱(1983—), 男, 河南省开封市人, 高级工程师, 博士研究生, 主要从事河口海岸演变方面研究。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407804);国家自然科学基金项目(51779280);广西水利厅科技项目(201602)

Characteristics of recent evolution in Qinzhou Bay influenced by human activities

YANG Liuzhu^1,^2,³(), YANG Liling^1,², PAN Hongzhou^1,², LIU Chaoqun^1,², YU Fenghua^1,²

^1. The Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Guangzhou 510611, China;
^2. Key Laboratory of dynamics and associated process of the Pearl River Estuary, Ministry of water resources;
^3. Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510611, China

Received:2019-01-23 Revised:2019-02-23 Online:2019-11-20 Published:2019-11-26
Contact: Liuzhu YANG
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFC0407804);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51779280);Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangxi Water Resources Department(201602)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据1980年代以来水下地形数据和遥感影像资料, 综合运用遥感与地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)、数值模拟等技术手段, 分析了钦州湾近期高强度人类活动影响下的滩槽平面变化和冲淤演变特征, 从动力地貌角度对演变原因进行了探讨。研究表明, 内湾茅尾海近期整体淤积, 2m等深线以浅的高滩淤积强度显著大于其他水域, 局部槽道由于人工采砂和潮流动力增强而出现冲刷。外湾整体以淤积为主, 但强度小于内湾, 滩和槽的冲淤特征差异显著, 西航道、中水道和边滩淤积, 中滩和东航道冲刷。高强度人类活动前后钦州湾涨、落潮量分别减少约4.59%和4.04%, 潮流动力减弱, 导致茅尾海不断淤积; 外湾中部岸线向海大幅推进, 使得中滩涨落潮流流势集中, 潮流速普遍增加0.1~0.2m·s ^-1, 是中滩大范围冲刷的主要原因; 东航道浚深后, 中槽涨落潮流向东航道产生归槽, 导致潮流动力减弱, 中槽萎缩。水平Kelvin数变化表明, 人类活动对外湾东航道和中水道的影响最大, 东航道稳定性增强, 中水道持续萎缩; 西航道受到影响较小, 稳定性基本保持不变。

关键词: 钦州湾, 人类活动, 动力地貌, 演变特征

Abstract:

Based on the underwater topographical data and remote sensing data from the 1980s, we analyze the characteristics of shoal-trough pattern change and erosion-siltation evolution in Qinzhou Bay under the influence of recent high intensity human activities. We also discuss the reasons from the aspect of dynamic geomorphology combining the methods of remote sensing, GIS, and numerical simulation. The results indicate that the Maowei Sea showed overall deposition, the siltation intensity of the shallow water area above the 2m isobath was significantly greater than that in the other areas, and the channel was characterized by erosion due to artificial sand mining and enhancement of tidal current. The outer bay was dominated by deposition, but its deposition rate was less than that of the inner bay. The scouring and silting characteristics of the shoal and trough were significantly different. The west channel, middle channel, and the side foreland were dominated by deposition, while Middle Shoal, East Channel were characterized by scour. Due to high intensity human activities, the flood and ebb tidal capacity of the Maowei Sea reduced 4.6% and 4%, respectively, which caused continuous deposit. The coastline in the middle of the outer bay has been pushed toward the sea significantly, which made the tidal current concentrated and increased velocity by 0.1~0.2 m·s ^-1, leading to the erosion of the Middle Shoal. The deepening of the East Channel made flow in the Middle Channel move to the East Channel, which made the Middle Channel shrink. The changes of the horizontal Kelvin number indicate that human activities have greater impact on the East and Middle channels of the outer bay. The stability of the East Channel is enhanced and the Middle Channel continues to shrink, while the stability of the West Channel remains basically unchanged.

Key words: Qinzhou Bay, human activities, dynamic geomorphology, evolution characteristics.

杨留柱, 杨莉玲, 潘洪州, 刘超群, 喻丰华. 人类活动影响下的钦州湾近期滩槽冲淤演变特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2019, 38(6): 41-50.

YANG Liuzhu, YANG Liling, PAN Hongzhou, LIU Chaoqun, YU Fenghua. Characteristics of recent evolution in Qinzhou Bay influenced by human activities[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(6): 41-50.

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高程/m	2009—2016茅尾海冲淤特征			高程/m	2004—2014外湾冲淤特征
高程/m	冲淤量/(×10⁴m³)	冲淤厚度/m	冲淤速率/(m·a^-1)	高程/m	冲淤量/(×10⁴m³)	冲淤厚度/m	冲淤速率/(m·a^-1)
>0	1061.14	0.44	0.06	-4~0	2741.52	0.32	0.03
-2~0	1514.04	0.27	0.04	-7~-4	80.63	0.02	0.00
-4~-2	228.27	0.16	0.02	-7~-12	-748.99	-0.30	-0.03
-4~2	2803.44	0.29	0.04	-12~0	2073.16	0.13	0.01

观测断面	涨潮量/m³		变化率/%	落潮量/m³		变化率/%
观测断面	开发前	变化值	变化率/%	开发前	变化值	变化率/%
MWH1	123509	-11149.2	-9.03%	99029.8	-3548.03	-3.58%
MWH2	553833	-15502.6	-2.80%	307062.7	-17837.2	-5.81%
MWH3	1002491	-19487.41	-1.94%	664348.3	-18084.2	-2.72%

	U/(m·s^-1)		B/m		H/m		K_eh
	工程前	工程后	工程前	工程后	工程前	工程后	工程前	工程后
西航道(dm1)	1.20	1.15	1294.99	1252.38	9.27	9.28	0.20	0.19
西航道(dm2)	1.09	0.98	1063.20	1086.81	9.43	9.18	0.15	0.14
中水道(dm1)	1.27	1.02	636.87	1477.59	7.45	6.9	0.13	0.26
中水道(dm2)	1.18	1.16	1018.49	3235.52	7.11	6.58	0.20	0.68
东航道(dm1)	1.22	1.07	1197.43	894.67	11.14	13.45	0.16	0.08
东航道(dm2)	1.06	0.97	1279.07	627.88	9.52	15.15	0.17	0.05

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人类活动影响下的钦州湾近期滩槽冲淤演变特征

Characteristics of recent evolution in Qinzhou Bay influenced by human activities

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