福建海坛海峡赤潮灾害潜在生态风险评估

doi:10.11978/2020096

热带海洋学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 122-133.doi: 10.11978/2020096CSTR: 32234.14.2020096

福建海坛海峡赤潮灾害潜在生态风险评估

王会芳¹(), 黄秀清²(), 刘建华², 徐美娜², 蒋芸芸², 邱桔斐²

1.上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院, 上海 201306
2.国家海洋局东海海洋环境调查勘察中心, 上海 200137

收稿日期:2020-08-25 修回日期:2020-11-19 出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2020-11-19
通讯作者: 黄秀清
作者简介:王会芳(1991—), 女, 河南省濮阳市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋生物生态研究。email: huifangwang2018@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家海洋局重点实验室开放研究基金(MATHAB201804);国家海洋局重点实验室开放研究基金(MATHAB201825)

Potential ecological risk assessment of red tide disaster in Haitan Strait of Fujian Province

WANG Huifang¹(), HUANG Xiuqing²(), LIU Jianhua², XU Meina², JIANG Yunyun², QIU Jufei²

1. College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2. Marine Environment Investigation Center of East China Sea, Shanghai 200137, China

Received:2020-08-25 Revised:2020-11-19 Online:2021-07-10 Published:2020-11-19
Contact: HUANG Xiuqing
Supported by:
Open Research Fund Project of Key Laboratory of the State Oceanic Administration(MATHAB201804);Open Research Fund Project of Key Laboratory of the State Oceanic Administration(MATHAB201825)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于赤潮灾害风险评估理论和海坛海峡的浮游生物与水文常规监测数据, 采用层次分析法(AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process)构建了海坛海峡赤潮灾害风险评估指标体系, 运用熵值法与变异系数法组合赋予权重, 建立了较为合理可信的评估模型, 并初步给出了海坛海峡赤潮灾害生态风险等级区划图。结果表明: 春季, 中级-较高级风险区主要分布在海峡北部, 海峡南部主要为低风险等级; 夏季, 较高级风险区存在于南部, 绝大部分海区属低风险海域; 秋季, 以低中风险等级为主, 中级风险区主要分布在海峡的西北部与东南部; 冬季, 较高级与高级风险海域位于海峡的西北部和东北部。研究海域的富营养化程度较高, 且富营养化指数权重较大, 减少氮磷入海可降低致灾、孕灾危险度, 进而能够降低赤潮灾害发生的风险。通过多年的赤潮事件结合验证表明, 赤潮发生的时空特征与致灾危险度分布具有较好的关联性。

关键词: 海坛海峡, 层次分析法, 熵值法, 变异系数法, 赤潮灾害, 潜在生态风险

Abstract:

Based on the risk assessment theory of red tide disaster and the conventional monitoring data of plankton and hydrology in the Haitan Strait, the index system of red tide disaster assessment in the Haitan Strait was constructed by using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the weight was assigned by entropy method and coefficient of variation method. A scientific and credible assessment model was established, and the thematic maps of ecological risk disaster of the Haitan Strait were obtained. The results are as follows. The medium-to-high risk areas were mainly distributed in the north of the strait in spring; the southern part of the strait was mainly at low risk. In summer, most of sea areas of the strait had low risk, while the south of the strait faced high risk. In autumn, the risk levels were mainly low and medium, and the medium risk areas were mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast of the strait. In winter, high-risk areas and highest-risk areas were concentrated in the northwest or northeast part of the strait. Because the eutrophication degree of the strait was high and the eutrophication index had a large weight, reducing nitrogen and phosphorus inputs into the strait can reduce the risk of red tide disasters. In addition, it displayed a good temporal and spatial correlation distribution between the red tide events for many years and disaster-causing factor level distribution.

Key words: Haitan Strait, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), entropy method, coefficient of variation method, red tide disaster, potential ecological risk

中图分类号:

P762.33

王会芳, 黄秀清, 刘建华, 徐美娜, 蒋芸芸, 邱桔斐. 福建海坛海峡赤潮灾害潜在生态风险评估[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(4): 122-133.

WANG Huifang, HUANG Xiuqing, LIU Jianhua, XU Meina, JIANG Yunyun, QIU Jufei. Potential ecological risk assessment of red tide disaster in Haitan Strait of Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(4): 122-133.

图/表 11

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生态指标	分析方法	方法标准
浮游植物	镜检计数、分类法	GB17378.7-2007
叶绿素a	分光光度法	GB17378.7-2007
温度	表层水温表法	GB17378.4-2007
盐度	盐度计法	GB17378.4-2007
pH	pH计法	GB17378.4-2007
溶解氧	碘量法	GB17378.4-2007
化学需氧量	碱性高锰酸钾法	GB17378.4-2007
铵盐	次溴酸钠氧化法	GB17378.4-2007
硝酸盐	锌镉还原法	GB17378.4-2007
亚硝酸盐	重氮-偶氮法	GB17378.4-2007
活性磷酸盐	磷钼蓝分光光度法	GB17378.4-2007

优势种	拉丁文	优势度
优势种	拉丁文	夏	冬	春	秋
三角角藻	Ceratium tripos			0.48
夜光藻	Noctiluca scintillans			0.26
笔尖形根管藻	Rhizosolenia styliformis			0.06
旋链角毛藻	Chaetoceros curvisetus	0.06		0.05	0.03
叉状角藻	Ceratium furca			0.02
中肋骨条藻	Skeletonema costatum	0.45	0.89	0.02	0.59
梭角藻	Ceratium fusus			0.02
佛氏海毛藻	Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii	0.02			0.10
菱形海线藻	Thalassionema nitzschioides	0.02			0.05
束毛藻属	Trichodesmium sp.				0.05
琼氏圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus jonesianus	0.03			0.02
加氏星杆藻	Asterionella kariana		0.06
布氏双尾藻	Ditylum brightwellii	0.09
奇异菱形藻	Nitzschia paradoxa	0.06
洛氏角毛藻	Chaetoceros lorenzianus	0.04
星脐圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus asteromphalus	0.02

一级指标	二级指标	权重	三级指标	权重
危险度(H)	致灾因子(H₁)	0.74	主要赤潮生物	0.87
	致灾因子(H₁)	0.74	叶绿素	0.13
	孕灾因子(H₂)	0.26	温度	0.16
			盐度	0.17
			pH	0.16
			溶解氧	0.15
			富营养化指数(E)	0.36
易损度(V)	承灾体	1	总渔业资源密度	1

致灾因子危险度	孕灾因子危险度	承灾体易损度	潜在生态风险	风险等级
0~0.25	0.15~0.32	0~0.25	0~0.1	低级
0.25~0.50	0.32~0.48	0.25~0.50	0.1~0.2	中级
0.50~0.75	0.48~0.64	0.50~0.75	0.2~0.3	较高级
0.75~1	0.64~0.80	0.75~1	>0.3	高级

时间	发生海域	面积/km²	赤潮生物	拉丁文	毒性	直接经济损失/万元
2011.05.11—05.14	长乐松下沿岸海域	15	东海原甲藻	Prorocentrum donghaiense	无毒	无
2012.05.17—05.19	芬尾、娘宫码头	30	东海原甲藻	Prorocentrum donghaiense	无毒	无
2012.05.26—06.07	平潭流水、苏澳码头	80	米氏凯伦藻	Karenia mikimotoi	有毒	63151
2012.05.30—06.08	福清东瀚海域	6	米氏凯伦藻	Karenia mikimotoi	有毒	11996
2012.05.30—06.08	长乐松下海域	15	米氏凯伦藻	Karenia mikimotoi	有毒	无
2012.06.14—06.15	长乐松下海域	3	中肋骨条藻	Skeletonema costatum	无毒	无
2013.05.22—05.23	平潭苏澳、流水	20	夜光藻、米氏凯伦藻	Noctiluca scintillans, Karenia mikimotoi	有毒	无
2014.05.05—05.14	平潭苏澳、流水、澳前海域	5.5	东海原甲藻	Prorocentrum donghaiense	无毒	无
2014.05.11—05.13	福清东瀚附近海域	3	东海原甲藻	Prorocentrum donghaiense	无毒	无
2016.05.03—05.04	平潭苏澳海域	不详	夜光藻	Noctiluca scintillans	无毒	无

福建海坛海峡赤潮灾害潜在生态风险评估

Potential ecological risk assessment of red tide disaster in Haitan Strait of Fujian Province

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