基于高通量测序技术的深圳湾真核浮游植物群落结构研究

doi:10.11978/2023093

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 21-33.doi: 10.11978/2023093CSTR: 32234.14.2023093

基于高通量测序技术的深圳湾真核浮游植物群落结构研究

黄圆¹^,²(), 岑竞仪¹^,², 梁芊艳¹, 吕颂辉¹^,², 王建艳³()

1.暨南大学生命科学技术学院赤潮与海洋生物学研究中心, 广东广州 510632
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519082
3.国家自然博物馆生命科学部, 北京 100050

收稿日期:2023-07-03 修回日期:2023-08-17 出版日期:2024-03-10 发布日期:2024-03-26
作者简介:
黄圆(1999—), 女, 广东省河源市人, 硕士研究生, 从事藻类分类学研究。email: 18813211378@163.com
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金项目(8232026); 国家自然科学基金项目(41906112); 基础资源调查专项(2018FY100200)

Study on the community structure of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay based on high-throughput sequencing technology

HUANG Yuan¹^,²(), CEN Jingyi¹^,², LIANG Qianyan¹, LYU Songhui¹^,², WANG Jianyan³()

1. Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
3. Department of Life Sciences, National Natural History Museum of China, Beijing 100050, China

Received:2023-07-03 Revised:2023-08-17 Online:2024-03-10 Published:2024-03-26
Supported by:
Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8232026); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41906112); National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Programme(2018FY100200)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以18S rDNA V4区为目标基因, 采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术, 对深圳湾2019年冬季—2021年春季4个季节海水中浮游植物群落结构进行研究, 并整理该海域有害藻华生物的历史纪录数据, 以探讨深圳湾有毒有害浮游植物的群落组成及演替规律。高通量测序结果显示, 深圳湾海域真核浮游植物含硅藻、甲藻、绿藻、褐藻、定鞭藻、隐藻和红藻7个类群, 共82科269种。其中以微微型浮游植物为主要类群, 春季和秋季以微拟球藻(Nannochloris sp.)为优势种, 夏季以球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)为优势种, 冬季以极小海链藻(Thalassiosira minima)为优势种。冬季浮游植物多样性指数为全年最高。此次调查共检测出有毒有害浮游植物32种, 其中甲藻15种、硅藻13种、褐藻3种、定鞭藻1种。与历史资料相比, 深圳湾海域的有毒有害浮游植物呈微型化和多样性逐渐增加的趋势, 呈现由甲藻或硅藻为主的有毒有害单类群群落演替到以甲藻和硅藻为主的有毒有害双类群群落的趋势。

关键词: 深圳湾, 真核浮游植物, 有毒有害藻, 高通量测序

Abstract:

Using the 18S rDNA V4 region as the target gene, Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to study the phytoplankton community in the seawater of the Shenzhen Bay during the four seasons from the winter of 2019 to the spring of 2021, and to compare with the historical data of harmful algal blooms species in this area, in order to explore the community composition and succession pattern of toxic and harmful phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the eukaryotic phytoplankton in the sea waters of the Shenzhen Bay consisted of 7 groups, including Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, and Rhodophyta, with a total of 82 families and 269 species. Among them, microphytoplankton was the main group, Nannochloris sp. was the dominant species in spring and autumn, Isochrysis galbana was the dominant species in summer, and Thalassiosira minima was the dominant species in winter. The phytoplankton diversity index in winter was the highest in the four seasons. A total of 32 species of toxic and harmful phytoplankton were detected in this survey, including 15 dinoflagellata species, 13 bacillariophyta species, 3 ochrophyta species, and 1 of haptophyta species. Compared with the historical data, the toxic and harmful phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay showed a miniaturization trend and an increasing diversity. The monophasic harmful blooms dominated by dinoflagellates or diatoms have been succeeded to polyphasic blooms of dinoflagellates and diatoms.

Key words: Shenzhen Bay, eukaryotic phytoplankton, toxic and harmful algae, high-throughput sequencing

黄圆, 岑竞仪, 梁芊艳, 吕颂辉, 王建艳. 基于高通量测序技术的深圳湾真核浮游植物群落结构研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(2): 21-33.

HUANG Yuan, CEN Jingyi, LIANG Qianyan, LYU Songhui, WANG Jianyan. Study on the community structure of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay based on high-throughput sequencing technology[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(2): 21-33.

图/表 12

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

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表4

表5

深圳湾4个季节有毒有害浮游植物名录"

序号	门类	种名	拉丁文名	危害	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
1	甲藻门	近缘亚历山大藻	Alexandrium affine	有毒		√	√	√
2		广野亚历山大藻	Alexandrium hiranoi	有毒	√
3		链状亚历山大藻	Alexandrium catenella	有毒		√
4		奥斯亚历山大藻	Alexandrium ostenfeldii	有毒			√	√
5		安德森亚历山大藻	Alexandrium andersonii	有毒				√
6		塔玛亚历山大藻	Alexandrium tamarense	有毒		√
7		渐尖鳍藻	Dinophysis acuminata	有毒				√
8		具刺膝沟藻	Gonyaulax spinifera	有毒		√	√	√
9		垂裂莱万藻(原名条纹环沟藻)	Levanderina fissa	有害			√
10		剧毒卡尔藻	Karlodinium veneficum	有毒		√		√
11		夜光藻	Noctiluca scintillans	有害	√	√	√	√
12		凹面原甲藻	Prorocentrum concavum	有毒	√	√
13		钝齿原甲藻(原名东海原甲藻)	Prorocentrum obtusidens	有害		√
14		巴哈马麦甲藻	Pyrodinium bahamense	有毒				√
15		双胞多沟藻	Polykrikos geminatum	有害		√
16	硅藻门	薄壁几内亚藻	Guinardia flaccida	有害	√
17		柔弱角毛藻	Chaetoceros debilis	有害			√
18		并基角毛藻	Chaetoceros decipiens	有害			√
19		平孢角毛藻	Chaetoceros laevisporus	有害			√
20		格氏圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus granii	有害			√
21		琼氏圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus jonesianus	有害			√	√
22		辐射圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus radiatus	有害			√	√
23		环纹娄氏藻	Lauderia annulata	有害			√
24		丹麦细柱藻	Leptocylindrus danicus	有害			√	√
25		伦德海链藻	Thalassiosira lundiana	有害		√		√
26		极小海链藻	Thalassiosira minima	有害		√		√
27		威氏海链藻	Thalassiosira weissflogii	有害		√
28		萎软海链藻	Thalassiosira mala	有害				√
29	褐藻门	海洋卡盾藻	Chattonella marina	有害				√
30		盐生卡盾藻	Chattonella subsalsa	有毒	√		√
31		赤潮异弯藻	Heterosigma akashiwo	有害	√		√	√
32	定鞭藻门	球形棕囊藻	Phaeocystis globosa	有害	√		√

表5

图5

表6

图6

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海域	站位	经度/E	纬度/N
深圳湾	S1	113°52′	22°27′
	S2	113°55′	22°28′
	S3	113°57′	22°29′
	S4	113°58′	22°30′
	S5	114°00′	22°30′

季节	序列数	OTUs总数	浮游植物OTUs数目	浮游植物OTUs占比/%
2021年春季	41964~71230	756	244	32.28
2020年夏季	54698~118350	2522	660	26.17
2020年秋季	69035~73509	1058	356	33.65
2019年冬季	50352~53527	2057	513	24.94

季节	物种	拉丁名	优势度	出现频率/%	平均丰度/(×10³个·m^-3)
2021年春季	微拟球藻	Nannochloris sp.	0.54	100	43.12
	小环藻	Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana	0.17	100	13.77
	Picochlorum maculatum	Picochlorum maculatum	0.08	80	8.13
	环沟藻	Gyrodinium sp.	0.08	100	6.40
	新月筒柱藻	Cylindrotheca closterium	0.02	80	2.41
2020年夏季	球等鞭金藻	Isochrysis galbana	0.47	100	46.71
	小球藻	Chlorella sorokiniana	0.07	60	11.78
	威氏海链藻	Thalassiosira weissflogii	0.08	80	10.34
	吉思纳海链藻	Thalassiosira gessneri	0.06	60	9.20
	双眉藻	Sellaphora sp.	0.04	60	5.91
2020年秋季	微拟球藻	Nannochloris sp.	0.71	100	103.40
	垂裂莱万藻	Levanderina fissa	0.02	100	2.94
	骨条藻	Skeletonema sp.	0.05	100	7.61
	异帽藻	Heterocapsa sp.	0.03	100	3.59
	海链藻	Thalassiosira sp.	0.04	100	5.63
	小环藻	Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana	0.02	100	3.10
2019年冬季	赤潮异弯藻	Heterosigma akashiwo	0.26	100	7.75
	舟形藻	Navicula sp.	0.04	100	1.18
	亚当斯骨条藻	Skeletonema ardens	0.06	100	1.93
	菱形藻	Nitzschia sp.	0.03	100	0.88
	新月筒柱藻	Cylindrotheca closterium	0.06	100	1.79
	极小海链藻	Thalassiosira minima	0.43	100	12.83
	梅尼小环藻	Cyclotella meneghiniana	0.03	80	0.93

季节	站位	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数	Margalef丰富度指数	Pielou均匀度指数
2021年春季	S1	1.03	6.03	0.25
	S2	1.20	3.37	0.35
	S3	1.88	3.58	0.57
	S4	1.51	3.20	0.44
	S5	1.11	3.83	0.30
2020年夏季	S1	1.41	1.89	0.48
	S2	1.51	3.46	0.44
	S3	1.53	1.39	0.60
	S4	1.25	1.94	0.41
	S5	1.75	1.97	0.57
2020年秋季	S1	2.74	8.12	0.63
	S2	1.45	7.22	0.33
	S3	1.44	7.02	0.33
	S4	0.85	5.42	0.21
	S5	0.71	4.38	0.19
2019年冬季	S1	2.96	4.57	0.84
	S2	1.38	3.06	0.41
	S3	1.29	2.29	0.42
	S4	1.69	2.12	0.58
	S5	1.93	1.66	0.71

粒径水平	物种数目(占比)
粒径水平	20世纪80年代	20世纪90年代	2000—2010年	2010—2021年	本研究
微型浮游植物	1 (8.33%)	4 (16.67%)	4 (15.38%)	3 (16.67%)	7 (21.88%)
小型浮游植物	11 (91.67%)	20 (83.33%)	22 (84.62%)	15 (83.33%)	25 (78.12%)
总数	12	24	26	18	32

基于高通量测序技术的深圳湾真核浮游植物群落结构研究

Study on the community structure of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay based on high-throughput sequencing technology

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