海南岛峨蔓五彩湾内海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀的影响研究

doi:10.11978/2023169

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 106-115.doi: 10.11978/2023169CSTR: 32234.14.2023169

海南岛峨蔓五彩湾内海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀的影响研究

赵中伟¹^,²(), 吴凌云¹^,³, 高伟健¹^,³, 李伟¹^,²^,³()

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 511458
2.三亚海洋生态环境工程研究院, 海南三亚 572000
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-11-08 修回日期:2023-12-04 出版日期:2024-09-10 发布日期:2024-10-10
作者简介:
赵中伟(1992—), 男, 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市人, 副研究员, 博士, 从事海岛海岸地貌研究。email: zhongwei.zhao@scsio.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42206216); 海南省自然科学基金项目(421QN0978)

A study of the effect of shore platform morphology on coastal erosion of rocky cliffs in the Wucaiwan Bay, E’man, Hainan Island

ZHAO Zhongwei¹^,²(), WU Lingyun¹^,³, GAO Weijian¹^,³, LI Wei¹^,²^,³()

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 511458, China
2. Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-11-08 Revised:2023-12-04 Online:2024-09-10 Published:2024-10-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42206216); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(421QN0978)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球海洋变化所引起的极端波浪海洋灾害趋强, 势必会加剧海南岛的海蚀崖侵蚀地质灾害危险。海蚀平台能够有效衰减波浪能量, 从而降低极端波浪对海蚀崖的侵蚀破坏。海南岛西北部的火山岩基岩海岸地区, 存在大量海蚀平台地貌, 是研究海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀影响的理想地区。文章以海南岛儋州市峨蔓镇的五彩湾基岩海岸为研究对象, 利用海洋遥感影像刻画了五彩湾海蚀崖近十年的平均侵蚀速率达0.26m·a^-1, 通过物理海洋分析方法预测了研究区未来100年回归周期可能遭受的最大波高达7.8m, 进一步基于海岸地貌研究方法调查了五彩湾倾斜型海蚀平台的地貌特征, 及其后部海蚀崖岩石的抗侵蚀强度, 从而通过数值计算证明了海蚀平台可以使得未来极端波浪对五彩湾海蚀崖的侵蚀强度平均减缓80%以上。此外, 文章进一步探讨了五彩湾海蚀崖底部沉积沙滩、崖底植被和海蚀崖滑塌堆积物的天然护岸作用。

关键词: 海蚀平台, 海蚀崖侵蚀, 玄武岩海岸, 数值计算, 海南岛

Abstract:

The intensification of extreme wave marine hazard induced by global ocean change is very likely to accelerate the geo-hazard risk of cliff erosion in Hainan Island. Shore platforms are expected to effectively attenuate wave energy approaching the shore and consequently reduce the erosive impact of extreme waves on cliff. Shore platforms are commonly observed in volcanic rocky coasts on NW Hainan Island, providing an ideal natural laboratory to evaluate the effect of shore platform morphology on cliff erosion. This study employs the Wucaiwan Bay rocky coastline in the E’man Town, Danzhou City, Hainan Island as the study area. Time-lapsed marine remote sensing images revealed the cliff erosion rate is about 0.26 m·a^-1 in the last decade in the area. Physical oceanography analysis suggested a maximum significant wave height of 7.8 m could be expected visiting the area in a 100-years return level. The geomorphological characteristics of the sloping shore platform and the rock strength of cliffs were further surveyed via coastal geomorphological approaches. Numerical computation outputs suggest the shore platforms is capable of reducing the wave erosional forces on cliff by over 80% under future extreme wave conditions. This study further discusses the natural coastal protection from sediment beaches, vegetations and in situ deposition of eroded boulders at rock cliff foot.

Key words: shore platform, cliff erosion, basalt coast, numerical computation, Hainan Island

赵中伟, 吴凌云, 高伟健, 李伟. 海南岛峨蔓五彩湾内海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀的影响研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(5): 106-115.

ZHAO Zhongwei, WU Lingyun, GAO Weijian, LI Wei. A study of the effect of shore platform morphology on coastal erosion of rocky cliffs in the Wucaiwan Bay, E’man, Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(5): 106-115.

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测试点编号	施密特锤平均反弹参数/mm	海岸岩石的单轴抗压强度/Mpa	测试点位置
SP1	12	3.36	海蚀崖表面
SP2	11	3.13	海蚀崖表面
SP3	15	4.14	海蚀崖表面
SP4	33	14.61	海蚀崖表面
SP5	43	29.42	海蚀崖表面
SP6	46	36.29	海蚀崖底部侵蚀滑塌堆积物
SP7	14	3.86	古海蚀平台迎浪面
SP8	46	36.29	古海蚀平台迎浪面

波高工况	输入波高/m	海蚀平台衰减后最大波高/m		海蚀平台衰减后平均波高/m	最大海蚀崖侵蚀速率/(m·a^-1)	最小海蚀崖侵蚀速率/(m·a^-1)	平均海蚀崖侵蚀速率/(m·a^-1)	海蚀平台平均衰减效果/%
近破波浪
年平均有效	0.61	0.37	0.24	0.26	0	0	0	57.38
年平均最大	3.56	1.95	0.34	0.70	14.49	0.26	3.60	80.33
10年回归周期最大	4.98	2.71	0.37	0.90	20.10	0.30	4.64	81.92
50年回归周期最大	6.92	3.74	0.40	1.16	27.77	0.35	6.04	83.23
100年回归周期最大	7.80	4.21	0.42	1.27	31.25	0.37	6.67	83.72
已破波浪
年平均有效	0.61	0.37	0.24	0.26	0	0	0	57.38
年平均最大	3.56	1.95	0.34	0.70	5.24	0.10	1.30	80.33
10年回归周期最大	4.98	2.71	0.37	0.90	19.39	0.29	4.47	81.92
50年回归周期最大	6.92	3.74	1.16	0.40	26.79	0.34	5.83	83.23
100年回归周期最大	7.80	4.21	0.41	1.27	30.15	0.36	6.44	83.72

海南岛峨蔓五彩湾内海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀的影响研究

A study of the effect of shore platform morphology on coastal erosion of rocky cliffs in the Wucaiwan Bay, E’man, Hainan Island

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