海南岛北部海湾表层海水重金属分布特征、主控因素及污染评价

doi:10.11978/2023004

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 156-167.doi: 10.11978/2023004CSTR: 32234.14.2023004

• 海洋环境科学 • 上一篇

海南岛北部海湾表层海水重金属分布特征、主控因素及污染评价

曾维特¹^,²(), 张东强¹^,³(), 刘兵¹^,⁴, 杨永鹏¹^,³, 张航飞⁵, 吴多誉¹, 王晓林¹^,³

1.海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室, 海南海口 570206
2.海南省海洋地质调查院, 海南海口 570206
3.海南省地质调查院, 海南海口 570206
4.海南省海洋地质调查局, 海南海口 570206
5.四川省地质矿产勘查开发局二零七地质队, 四川乐山 614000

收稿日期:2023-01-04 修回日期:2023-04-06 出版日期:2023-11-10 发布日期:2023-04-14
作者简介:
曾维特(1986—), 男, 海南省澄迈县人, 高级工程师, 博士, 主要研究方向为海洋地质、海岸带环境地质。email: zengweite@126.com
基金资助:
海南省科学技术协会青年科技英才创新计划项目(QCXM202008); 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(421QN369); 海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室课题(ZZ[2020]2019256-01)

Distribution, main controlling factors and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater of the Northern Bay of Hainan Island, south China

ZENG Weite¹^,²(), ZHANG Dongqiang¹^,³(), LIU Bing¹^,⁴, YANG Yongpeng¹^,³, ZHANG Hangfei⁵, WU Duoyu¹, WANG Xiaolin¹^,³

1. Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment, Haikou 570206, China
2. Marine Geological Survey of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, China
3. Hainan Geological Survey, Haikou 570206, China
4. Hainan Marine Geological Survey, Haikou 570206, China
5. No. 207 Geological Team, Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Leshan 614000, China

Received:2023-01-04 Revised:2023-04-06 Online:2023-11-10 Published:2023-04-14
Supported by:
Young Talents' Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hainan Association for Science and Technology(QCXM202008); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(421QN369); Independent project of Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Resources and Environment of Hainan Province(ZZ[2020]2019256-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对海南岛北部海湾研究区表层海水进行调查取样及地球化学分析测试, 查明表层海水中重金属(溶解态)As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn含量及其空间分布。基于相关性分析和因子分析明确海水中溶解态重金属来源并研究控制其分布的主要因子, 基于单因子污染指数和权重修正内梅罗污染指数评价研究区海域海水重金属污染情况。结果表明, 表层海水中As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn平均含量分别为0.58、0.14、8.68、0.057、2.07和26.24μg·L^-1, Cr含量低于检测限。重金属含量高值区主要分布于东寨港、铺前湾湾顶及东侧沿岸、迈雅河与道孟河河口处。南渡江入海口、如意岛周边海域和海口湾近岸海域, 表层海水清洁度高, 评价为无污染。海口港外围、迈雅河与道孟河入海口、铺前湾湾顶及东侧沿岸、木兰湾西侧, 污染程度低—中等。东寨港内部污染程度中等—严重, 其中演丰河入海口污染程度最为严重。重金属污染严重程度从大到小为Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd、As, 应将Pb、Cu和Zn同时作为今后该海域环境重点监测对象。近岸海水中重金属主要来自陆源输入, 其次为船舶污染, 同时还包括大气输入、农业和水产养殖业等污染源。高盐度低pH可促使重金属从水体悬浮颗粒中解吸释放, 此外水动力条件也是重金属分布差异性主控因素之一。

关键词: 海南岛北部, 表层海水, 重金属, 分布特征, 环境评价

Abstract:

The dissolved heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) were investigated based on the geochemical analysis of 106 surface seawater samples in the Northern Bay of Hainan Island. Correlation and factor analysis were used to study the sources and main controlling factors of distribution of heavy metals. The pollution levels of heavy metals were evaluated by the factor index and the Nemero index with weight modified. The results indicate that, the average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn are 0.58, 0.14, 8.68, 0.057, 2.07 and 26.24 μg·L^-1, respectively. Additionally, the content of Cr is less than the minimum detection limit. The surface seawater, in the Dongzhai Harbor, east and north coast of the Puqian Bay, estuary of both the Maiya River and the Daomeng River, is with high content of dissolved heavy metals. The estuary of Nandu River, surrounding waters of the Ruyi Island and offshore waters of Haikou Bay are highly clean and non-pollution. The periphery of the Haikou Port, the estuary of the Maya River and the Daomeng River, the top and east coast of the Puqian Bay, and the west side of the Mulan Bay, where the pollution levels are low to medium. The pollution of the Dongzhai Port is moderate to serious. Furthermore, the pollution of the estuary of the Yanfeng River is the most serious. The pollution level of 6 heavy metals were sequenced in the decreased order of Pb> Cu> Zn> Hg> Cd> As. Therefore, Pb, Cu and Zn should be regarded as the key environmental monitoring and marine ecological research objects in the future. The heavy metals in the coastal seawater mainly came from terrestrial and ship pollution, meanwhile, the sources of heavy metals also included atmospheric input, agriculture and aquaculture. Higher salinity and lower pH can promote the desorption and release of heavy metals from suspended particles in seawater. In addition, hydrodynamic condition was also one of the main factors that controlled the heavy metals content in seawater.

Key words: northern Hainan Island, surface seawater, heavy metals, distribution, environmental assessment

曾维特, 张东强, 刘兵, 杨永鹏, 张航飞, 吴多誉, 王晓林. 海南岛北部海湾表层海水重金属分布特征、主控因素及污染评价[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(6): 156-167.

ZENG Weite, ZHANG Dongqiang, LIU Bing, YANG Yongpeng, ZHANG Hangfei, WU Duoyu, WANG Xiaolin. Distribution, main controlling factors and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater of the Northern Bay of Hainan Island, south China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(6): 156-167.

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浓度或含量范围/(μg·L^-1)	回收率/%
<100	60~100
>100	80~100
>1000	90~110
容量及重量法	95~105

污染程度	污染指数
无污染	P′<1.63
程度轻	1.63≤P′<2.28
程度中	2.28≤P′<3.68
程度严重	P′ ≥3.68

统计量	重金属含量/(μg·L^-1)
统计量	As	Cd	Cu	Hg	Pb	Zn
最小值	0.19	0.05	0.64	0.0040	0.20	3.44
最大值	2.12	0.60	24.00	0.1600	11.00	88.00
平均值	0.58	0.14	8.68	0.0573	2.07	26.24
标准差	0.36	0.13	5.57	0.0308	2.21	24.53
变异系数	0.62	0.93	0.64	0.54	1.07	0.93
南渡江(祁士华等, 2009)	0.26	0.005	0.51	0.001	1.03	2.00
海南岛近岸(国土资源部中国地质调查局, 2011)	3.78	0.62	6.35	0.101	3.14	20.61
琼州海峡(刘翠梅等, 2002)	—	0.02	1.37	0.046	0.11	11.11
南海中部(李景喜等, 2013)	1.90	1.30	1.60	—	1.99	6.47

元素	达水质标准站位数			P_i
元素	Ⅰ类	Ⅱ类	Ⅲ类	最大值	最小值	平均值
As	106	0	0	0.106	0.010	0.029
Cd	106	0	0	0.600	0.005	0.140
Hg	46	60	0	3.200	0.080	1.155
Zn	71	7	28	4.400	0.172	1.312
Cu	33	31	42	4.800	0.128	1.737
Pb	42	52	44	11.00	0.020	2.070

	Zn	As	Cu	Pb	Cd	Hg	盐度	pH	悬浮物
Zn	1.000
As	0.675^**	1.000
Cu	0.778^**	0.414^**	1.000
Pb	0.560^**	0.256^*	0.549^**	1.000
Cd	0.630^**	0.459^**	0.502^**	0.460^**	1.000
Hg	0.272^*	0.312^**	0.176	0.196	0.130	1.000
盐度	0.338^**	-0.014	0.318^**	0.379^**	0.300^**	0.144	1.000
pH	-0.590^**	0.080	-0.472^**	-0.492^**	-0.391^**	-0.221^*	-0.481^**	1.000
悬浮物	0.531^**	0.439^**	0.450^**	0.433^**	0.341^**	0.253^*	0.301^**	-0.501^**	1.000

海南岛北部海湾表层海水重金属分布特征、主控因素及污染评价

Distribution, main controlling factors and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater of the Northern Bay of Hainan Island, south China

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元素	因子载荷
元素	因子1	因子2
Cd	0.777	0.097
Cu	0.841	0.117
Pb	0.740	0.045
Zn	0.872	0.324
Hg	0.022	0.929
As	0.540	0.561
特征值	2.910	1.308
贡献率	48.50%	21.81%
累积贡献率	48.50%	70.31%

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