初夏山东半岛沿海一次冷涡持续性暴雨过程诊断分析

doi:10.11978/2024022

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 50-62.doi: 10.11978/2024022CSTR: 32234.14.2024022

初夏山东半岛沿海一次冷涡持续性暴雨过程诊断分析

褚子禾¹(), 梅婵娟²^,³(), 张灿³, 万夫敬⁴, 辛文鹏³

1.广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院, 广东湛江 524003
2.山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室, 山东济南 250031
3.山东省威海市气象局, 山东威海 264200
4.山东省青岛市气象局, 山东青岛 266000

收稿日期:2024-01-18 修回日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-12-05
通讯作者: 梅婵娟
作者简介:
褚子禾(2002—), 女, 山东省威海市人, 本科在读, 从事天气过程分析研究。email: 2395302780@qq.com
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MD010); 中国气象局公服中心创新基金项目(M2021019); 山东台风与海洋气象创新团队(SDCXTD2021-2); 山东省气象局重点科研项目(2022sdqxz11); 山东省气象局科学技术研究项目(2022sdqxm12)

Diagnostic analysis of a cold vortex persistent rainstorm process along the coast of Shandong Peninsula in early summer

CHU Zihe¹(), MEI Chanjuan²^,³(), ZHANG Can³, WAN Fujing⁴, XIN Wenpeng³

1. College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524003, China
2. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong, Jinan 250031, China
3. Weihai Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Weihai 264200, China
4. Qingdao Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266000, China

Received:2024-01-18 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-12-05
Contact: MEI Chanjuan
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MD010); Innovation Fund Project of the Public Service Center of China Meteorological Administration(M2021019); Innovative Team of Typhoon and Marine Meteorology of Shandong Province(SDCXTD2021-2); Key Scientific Research Project of Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau(2022sdqxz11); Scientific and Technological Research Project of Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau(2022sdqxm12)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用常规观测资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European centre for medium-range weather forecasts, ECMWF)提供的第5代再分析资料(ECMWF re-analysis 5, ERA5), 对2022年6月14日山东东部沿海一次暴雨过程进行热力、动力特征诊断分析, 结果表明, 暴雨过程发生在华北冷涡底部低槽东移至半岛沿海诱发冷性低涡的背景之下; 边界层来自黄海的东南风冷湿平流输送为半岛强降水提供了充沛水汽; 降水过程阶段性明显, 第一阶段降水, 低空持续受西部暖平流的影响, 大气具有对流不稳定性; 第二阶段降水受冷暖平流共同影响, 大气由中性层结逐渐转为对流不稳定, 并伴有明显的能量锋生。两阶段降水初期均为向岸风风速辐合以及地形抬升所致, 第一阶段对流造成的冷池对昆嵛山前降水的维持有重要影响, 第二阶段强降水的维持则与低空中尺度低涡的生成和维持密切相关, 斜压锋生对中尺度低涡的生成有重要作用。涡度分析表明, 边界层低空辐合和绝对正涡度平流是中尺度低涡正涡度增长的主要涡源, 随着500hPa切断冷涡出现, 涡度垂直输送负效应明显增强, 与中尺度对流活动有关的边界层以上的水平涡度倾侧效应较弱。

关键词: 沿海暴雨, 低涡, 地形抬升, 锋生

Abstract:

Using conventional observations and ERA5 reanalysis data, a diagnostic analysis of the thermal and dynamical characteristics of a heavy rainfall process in the eastern coastal area of Shandong on June 14, 2022, was conducted, and the results show that the heavy rainfall process occurred in the context of the cold trough at the bottom of the cold vortex in North China moving eastward to the coast of the Peninsula to induce a cold low vortex. Southeasterly cold and humid advective transport in the boundary layer from the Yellow Sea provides abundant water vapour for the heavy precipitation on the peninsula. The precipitation process was stage-specific. In the first stage of precipitation, the low level was continuously influenced by the western warm advection, and the atmosphere had convective instability, while in the second stage of precipitation, the atmosphere was gradually transformed from neutral laminar junctions to convective instability by the combined influence of the cold and warm advection, and was accompanied by obvious energy fronts. The early stage of both phases of precipitation is caused by the convergence of onshore wind speeds as well as topographic uplift. The cold pool caused by convection in the first stage has an important effect on the maintenance of precipitation in front of the Kunshan Mountains, while the maintenance of the strong precipitation in the second stage is closely related to the generation and maintenance of the mesoscale low eddy in the low altitude, and the obliquely pressurized frontal generation plays an important role in the generation of the mesoscale low eddy. The vorticity analysis shows that the boundary layer low-level convergence and absolute positive vorticity advection are the main vortex sources for the positive vorticity growth of the mesoscale low vortex, and with the emergence of the 500 hPa cutoff cold vortex, the negative effect of the vertical transport of vorticity is obviously strengthened, and the horizontal vorticity tilting effect above the boundary layer, which is related to the mesoscale convective activity, is weaker.

Key words: coastal rainstorm, low vortex, topographic uplift, frontogenesis

中图分类号:

P458.121.1

褚子禾, 梅婵娟, 张灿, 万夫敬, 辛文鹏. 初夏山东半岛沿海一次冷涡持续性暴雨过程诊断分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(6): 50-62.

CHU Zihe, MEI Chanjuan, ZHANG Can, WAN Fujing, XIN Wenpeng. Diagnostic analysis of a cold vortex persistent rainstorm process along the coast of Shandong Peninsula in early summer[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 50-62.

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初夏山东半岛沿海一次冷涡持续性暴雨过程诊断分析

Diagnostic analysis of a cold vortex persistent rainstorm process along the coast of Shandong Peninsula in early summer

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